Cultural Anthropology Test 3 Vocab

Front 1

Segmentary Social System

1

Back 1

-permits people in a stateless society to form into large groups for certain activities.

Front 2

Chiefdom

2

Back 2

-type of segmentary social system in which not all household groups, kin groups, villages, and tribes are considered equal

Front 3

Family of Orientation

3

Back 3

-includes your father, mother, self, and siblings

Front 4

Family of Procreation

4

Back 4

-includes the husband, wife, and their children.

Front 5

Americans trace kinship

5

Back 5

-bilaterally through both parents

Front 6

Nuclear Family

6

Back 6

-the group consisting of father, mother, and their biological and adopted children.

Front 7

Matrilineal Kinship

7

Back 7

-emphasizes a person's ancestral ties to their mother

Front 8

Patrilineal Kinship

8

Back 8

-emphasizes a person's ancestral ties to their father

Front 9

Brideservice

9

Back 9

-when a couple marries, the groom is expected to come and live in the bride's parents' camp and work for her parents as long as 10 years.

-Ju/Wasi

Front 10

Matrilineage

10

Back 10

-group of men related to each other through the female line, along with their wives and unmarried children

Front 11

Patrilineage

11

Back 11

-men trace their ancestral line through their father's ancestral line

Front 12

Incest Taboo

12

Back 12

-it is socially unacceptable to marry brothers, sisters, children, parents, or, in some cases, cousins.

Front 13

Clans

Back 13

-groups whose members consider themselves descended from a common ancestor

Front 14

Exogamy

Back 14

-marrying out of one's own clan and into another

Front 15

Bridewealth

Back 15

-when valuables such as ax blades, shells, and money are given to the wife's kin and her father.

Front 16

Dowry

Back 16

-goods such as leather chests, tables, stools, cosmetics, housewares, clothing and cloth that are given to house of the groom.

-the gifts never include land or a house.

Front 17

Polygamy

Back 17

-when men have more than one wife.

Front 18

Polyandry

Back 18

-when women have more than one husband

Front 19

Partible Inheritance

Back 19

-where a man divides up his inheritance among his offspring

Front 20

Impartible Inheritance

Back 20

-where a man leaves all his property to one or another descendent.

Front 21

Social Identities

Back 21

-learning what it is to be American, Male or female, husband or wife, etc

Front 22

Individuality

Back 22

-individuals are stable, autonomous entities who exist more or less independently of whatever situations or statuses they occupy.

Front 23

Holistic

Back 23

-means the person cannot be conceived as existing seperately from society or apart from his or her status or role.

Front 24

Egocentric

Back 24

-means each person is defined as a replica of all humanity and is capable of acting independently from others.

Front 25

Sociocentric

Back 25

-means the view of the self is context dependent.

-the self exists as an entity only within the concrete situations or roles occupied by the person--not to some autonomous, seperate self.

Front 26

Positive Identity

Back 26

-members of such a group attempt to build a positive identity, to attribute to themselves characteristics they believe are desirable.

Front 27

Negative Identity

Back 27

-members of the group with the positive identity try to construct a negative identity for others by attributing undesirable characteristics to them.

Front 28

Rites of passage

Back 28

-the rituals that mark a person's passage from one identity to another.

Front 29

Principle of Reciprocity

Back 29

-the giving and recieving of gift.

-giving gifts is obligatory in many cultures. The giving of a gift creates a tie with the person who receives it, and that person is obliged to recripocate on some future occcasion.

Front 30

Commoditites

Back 30

-involves a transfer of value and a countertransfer, A sells something to B, and the transaction is completed.

Front 31

Gifts

31

Back 31

-are inalienable-they are bound to people after the presentation. Gifts are much more personal than commodities

Front 32

Identity Struggles

Back 32

-interactions in which there is a discrepancy between the identity a person claims to be, and the identity attributed to him or her by others.

Front 33

Possessions

Back 33

-goods which are associated with the possessor or distributor of the goods.

-they are personal items with a history and a meaning

Front 34

Commodities

Back 34

-goods that are detached from the distributor or possessor and carry no special meaning in and of themselves

-commodities do not bind people together.

Front 35

Gifts

Back 35

-bind people together