Cultural Anthropology

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archaeology

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the scientific study of historic or prehistoric peoples and their cultures by analysis of artifacts, inscriptions, etc.

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behavioral ecology

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the study of how social behavior is related to environmental adaptation.

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biological anthropology

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the study of the human species as a biological phenomenon.

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capitalist mode

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an economic mode of production characterized by the industrial production of goods where capital is privately owned.

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Cultural anthropology

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the study of specific contemporary human cultures (ethnography) and the underlying patterns of human culture in general (ethnology).

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cultural ecology

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an approach to the study of cultural diversity that requires the simultaneous investigation of technology, culture, and the physical environment.

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Cultural materialism

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the theory that ideas, values, and religious beliefs are the means or products of adaption to environmental conditions.

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Empiricism

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An approach to understanding social and natural phenomena based on direct experience through observation, measurement, and experiment.

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Enlightenment

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a philosophical movement in Europe and America during the 1700s that emphasized rationalism, scientific method, and freedom from prejudice and superstition.

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ethnology

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uncovering general patterns and rules that govern social behavior

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Evolution

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The process by which small but cumulative changes in a species can lead to its transformation over time.

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evolutionary ecology

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the study of living organisms within the context of their total environment, with the aim of discovering how they adapted.

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Fossils

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the naturally mineralized remains of earlier forms of plant and animal life

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Functionalism

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the theory that all elements of a culture are functional in they they serve to satisfy culturally defined needs of the people int hat society or requirements of society as a whole.

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Historical particularism

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an anthropological approach characterized by the collection of detailed ethnographic data.

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Holism

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the philosophical view that no complex entity can be only the sum of its parts; as a principle of anthropology, the assumption that any aspect of human life is to be studied with an to its relation to other aspects of human life.