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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sex |
Biological differences that are somewhat unalterable (e.g. Y chromosomes in males, different genitalia) |
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Gender |
The traits that a society assigns to males and females. Cultural expectation of how males and females should behave. Gender= cultural expectation |
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*Margaret Mead* |
Student of Franz Boas and Ruth Benedict Popular writer and public face of anthropology from the 30's to 70's |
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Sex and Temperment in Three Primitive Societies *(Mead)* |
Uses comparative approach to prove that human nature is malleable and NOT biologically determined. Differences can be attributed to enculturation. |
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Gender Roles |
The tasks and activities a culture assigns by gender |
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Society and Sex(Gender) Roles (Ernestine Friedl) |
Focuses on hunter-gatherer societies with small-scale social organization. Pregnancy and child-bearing limit mobility of women and thus, their ability to hunt Male power resides in ability to control meat distribution. It requires returns and creates obligations |
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Measuring Up to Barbie (Urla and Swedlund) |
Barbie is a highly prevalent image of femininity for young girls. Barbie transmits the impression that happiness and acceptance are connected with physical appearance. Playing with Barbie can lead to internalizing values of ideal body size/shape |
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Downsizing Masculinity (Broughton and Walton) |
Studied former employees of a Maytag refrigerator factory that closed after jobs were outsourced. Masculinity tied to being good worker, breadwinner, and provider Returning to school viewed as emasculation (feel like a kid in school) jobs are less "masculine" involving less brawn |
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'Ladies' Behind Bars (Coggeshall) |
Individual's gender redefined or reconstructed in prison context. Real men defined by ability to fight/resist sexual advances Caricatures of men/women that are created reflect gender concepts in society at large |
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Hijras |
Considered a third gender in India. Born intersex or undergo castration Form their own communities outside of caste boundaries and with unique family structures Social role to provide blessings when boy is born and to perform at weddings to ensure couple's fertility |
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The Challenges of Advocacy in Anthropological Research on Intimate Partner Violence (Karin Friederic) |
Dilemma stemming from how deep immersion can complicate efforts to ensure protection and practice advocacy. Advocacy helped to denaturalize domestic violence Advocacy also buts people at risk and obscures larger structural problems |
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Moving Away from Marital Violence (Jan Brunson) |
Suffering a common theme in the life of women. Women have lack of power in marriage decisions and are subject to isolation, making them relatively vulnerable |
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Family |
Difficult to define. Many definitions across cultures. US Census: "a group of two people or more related by brith, marriage, or adoption, and residing together" |
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Focus on the Fridge (Margaret Blackman) |
The refrigerator was once a luxury and became a symbol of middle-class modernity. It is a place were objects acquire special qualities and convey special meanings. The refrigerator has very strong ties to gender roles and domestic norms |
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Kinship |
The social system that organizes people in families based on descent and marriage |
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Consanguineal Kin |
"Blood" relatives. Related through descent |
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Affinial Kin |
Spouses and in-laws. Related through marriage |
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"Fictive" Kin |
"Godparents", special friends. Related through affection.
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Descent Group |
A social unit whose members claim common ancestry. |
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Unilineal |
Traced through either paternal or maternal lines |
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Bilateral |
Traced through both paternal or maternal lines |
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Joking Relationships *(A.R. Radcliffe Brown)* |
Joking relations have a common function May work both ways depending on relationship between individuals Asymmetrical- A can tease B but B cannot tease A Symmetrical- Both A and B can tease eachother without taking offense |
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*A.R. Radcliffe Brown* |
Departure from evolutionary perspectives Focus on how kinship systems function Marriage involves kin networks, not just two individuals |
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Endogamy |
Custom of marrying within a social group to which a person belongs. (social class/ caste endogamy; ethnic endogamy) |
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Exogamy |
The custom of marrying outside a social group to which a person belongs. (Lineage/clan exogamy; village exogamy) |
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Incest |
Marriage or sexual relations with a close relative. Incest taboo is a human universal, but details of taboo differ (Cultures define who is kin differently) |
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Patrilocality |
When couple marries, they move to husband's household/community |
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Matrilocality |
When a couple marries, they move to wife's household/community |
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Neolocality |
When a couple marries, they establish new, independent residence |
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Bride Price |
Gift to bride's family by groom's family to compensate for loss of daughter's labor |
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Dowry |
Gift to daughter to ensure her well-being in husband's family. Often given to groom's family. |
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The notion of Witchcraft Explains Unfortunate Events *(E.E. Evans-Pritchard)* |
Witchcraft as "innate, inherited ability to cause people misfortune or to kill them". A manner of classifying misfortunes that are harmful to people. Not the cause, rather its the reason that the circumstances align a certain way |
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Proximate Cause |
An event which is immediately responsible for causing an observed result |
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Ultimate Cause |
The real reason something occurred. The reason two events coincided in time and place. |
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Totemism |
The system of thought that associates particular social groups with specific animal or plant species. Sacred emblems symbolize common identity. Functions to create solidarity among groups of people. |
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Magic |
An explanatory system of causation that does not follow naturalistic explanations, often working at a distance without direct physical contact. Can involve actions, offerings, spells, formulas, incantations Creates illusion of control |
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Taboo |
Strong social prohibition against words, objects, actions, discussions, or people that are considered undesirable by a society Often backed by supernatural sanction Breaking a taboo is considered objectionable and has social consequences |
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Land of the Walking Marriage (Yuan and Mitchell) |
Mosuo family system has matrilineal descent, female-headed households, unions are non-marital and informal based on love Children are raised by mother and her brothers
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Polygyny |
One man with more than one wife |
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Polyandry |
One woman with more than one husband |
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When Brothers Share a Wife (Goldstein) |
Tibetans utilize polyandry as a means to ensure family unity and conserve household resources Family system is patrilocal after marriage and at marriage, men inherit land and animals from their fathers while women inherit jewelry and some animals |
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Best of Friends and Worst of Enemies (Sangeetha Madhavan) |
Women experience polygyny in different ways by different communities.
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Arranging a Marriage in India (Nanda) |
Most marriages are arranged by parents.
Marriage is a family decision. Emphasis on the quality of the brides family and extended family values. |
