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288 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an A/V system? |
An A/V system is two or more pieces of A/V equipment designed to work together to meet a communication need. |
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What are analog waveforms? |
Analog waveforms are constant flowing and are constantly changing amplitude over time. |
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What are digital signal waveforms? |
Digital signal waveforms look like square waves - they are either at one voltage or the other (on or off, 0 or 1). |
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What is the Nyquist rate? |
Sampling at twice the rate of a given frequency. For example, since the audio range extends to 20 kHz, you would sample at 40 kHz. |
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What is bit depth? |
The number of states you have in which to describe the sampled voltage level. Higher bit rate provides higher precision in mimicing the analog signals amplitude values. 31 |
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In a digital signal, the on state is represented by ___, and the off state is represented by ___. |
One, zero |
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A signal that has many varying states is a called a(n) ___ signal. |
Analog |
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Bit depth is defined as the number of ___ you have in which to describe the value. |
States |
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Standard DV cameras usually compress at a ratio or ___. |
5:1 |
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What is a codec? |
A device or computer program that encodes and decided file information. |
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As noise is introduced in a(n) ___ signal, discerning circuitry can determine if the signal is intended to be high or low, and then retransmit a solid signal without the imposed noise. |
Digital |
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Noise overcomes the signal level after many generations of amplification of a(n) ___ signal |
Analog |
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The pushing together of molecules is called ___. |
Compression |
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The pulling apart of molecules is called ___. |
Rarefraction. |
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Wavelength is.... |
the physical distance between two points exactly one cycle apart in a waveform. |
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The number of times a sound wave compresses and rarefracts per second is called ___. 41 |
Frequency |
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Frequency and wavelength are directly or inversely proportional? 41 |
Inverse |
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What frequencies are generally discernable by the human ear? |
20hz to 20khz |
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What are harmonics? |
Frequencies that are whole number multiples of a fundamental frequency. 42 |
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A ____ of a number is how many times the number 10 must be multiplied by itself to get a certain value. |
logarithm 43 |
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What is the smallest perceived change in sound level? |
1 dB |
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How many dB is required for a just noticeable change? |
3 dB |
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A 10dB change is required for people to percieve.... |
sound to be twice as loud as before or half as quiet as before. 45 |
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The inverse square law states that... |
sound energy is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source. 45 |
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What is the rule that states that sound pressures is reduced by 6dB everytime the distance from the source is doubled and conversely increases by 6dB everytime the distance is cut in half. |
6dB per doubling rule. 46 |
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What three things can happen when sound encounters a surface; |
Reflection, absorption, transmission. |
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What are the two types of reflection? |
Direct and diffuse reflection. 47 |
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An echo is... |
a late sound reflection. 47 |
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When the energy level of sound remains high and the reflections become dense in relation to one another, it is called |
reverberation. 48 |
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____ noise is defined as anything other than the desired signal/sound. |
Ambient 49 |
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The conversion of energy from one form to another is called ____ . |
transduction. 49 |
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___ ___ is the remote power 12V DC required to power a condenser microphone |
Phantom power 51 |
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Mic level is.... |
the signal level that all microphones produce. It is very low voltage - only a few mV. |
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A Mic preamplifier... |
takes a Mic level from a microphone and amplifies it to line level. 57 |
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Line level professional is... |
about 1V and is where all signal routing and processing is performed. 57 |
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Line level, consumer is... |
around 0.316V and can often be identified by use of an RCA connector. 57 |
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If you increase the signal level, it is called... |
gain, which refers to the amount of amplification applied to the signal. 58 |
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If you decrease the signal level, it is called... |
attenuation. 58 |
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If you apply neither gain nor attenuation, it is called... |
unity gain. 58 |
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Expanders are used to reduce... |
unwanted noise. 60 |
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Speakon connectors are used for... |
loudspeaker connections. 63 |
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With a digital signal, exceeding 0dBSF immediately causes... |
distortion. 66.
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A balanced signal cable has ____ conductors |
2 (one wire and a shield that grounds/provides return voltage). 68. |
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A balanced signal cable has ___ conductors |
3 (two wires and a shield/ground). The second conductor provides a signal that is inverse phase from the original signal and provides cancellation of noise.) 68 |
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How does a balanced cable cancel noise?
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Two conductors are twisted together so that noise is induced into both of them. When the signal reaches the receiving unit, the second conductor's signal is flipped back 180 degrees and joins the original signal as well as providing extra amplification. However, the noise is from the second conductor is also inversed 180 degrees, which produces a reduction in amplification, reducing the overall noise level. 68 |
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A regenerative amplification loop caused by sound traveling from a speaker to microphone in a circular signal path is called ___.
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Feedback (69) |
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How sound moves through the air is called ___. |
propagation (71) |
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Wavelength is the ____. |
physical distance between two points of a waveform that are exactly one cycle apart. (71) |
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0db SPL describes? |
The threshold of human hearing. (71) |
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A "just noticeable" change in sound pressure level, either louder or softer requires a ___ change. |
+/- 3 db |
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Acoustics covers how sound is ____, and its _____ and . |
produced, propagation, control |
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Numerous persistent reflections of sound are called |
echos. (72) |
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Ambient noise is sound that ___ ____ the desired message or signal.
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interferes with (72) |
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The audio signal ends up in a(n) ____ before being converted back into acoustical energy. |
output device (72)
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The strength of the electrical signal from a microphone is called a(n) ____ - level signal |
mic (72) |
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Phantom power is the ____ required to power a condenser microphone. |
remote power. (73) |
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Typically, what type of connector finished the shielded twisted-pair audio cable? |
XLR |
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The simultaneous use of multiple wireless microphone system requires ____. |
frequency coordination (73) |
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If an audio technician changes the level of a signal, it is called ___. |
gain adjustment (73) |
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The amplified comes right before ___ in the audio system chain |
the loudspeakers (73) |
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What is a crossover? |
An electrical frequency dividing network circuity. (73) |
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The frequency of a light wave determines its |
color. (76) |
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When light waves have higher amplitude, the light is... |
brighter (76). |
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Light is measured using two types of meters: |
incident and reflected (or spot) meters (76). |
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Lumen |
a measure of the quantity of lighted emitted from a constant light source across a 1-square meter area. (78)
(Direct light measurement) |
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Lux |
is a combination of the works luminance and flux. A lux is equal to 1 lumen/square meter, or 0.093 footcandles. (78) (Direct Light Measurement) |
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Footcandle
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1 footcandle equals ~ 610.78 lux. (78) (Direct Light Measurement) |
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Footlambert |
It is equal to 1/pi candela per square foot. (78) (Reflected Light Measurement) |
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Nit or candela per square meter |
Based on a candles light output, the luminous intensity in a given direction of a source that emits monchromatic radiation frequency 540/10^12Hz that has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 watt per steradian. (78) (Indirect Light Measurement) |
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The inverse square law of light: Part one: illumination from the light source |
As the distance from the light source is doubled from the measuring point, the perceived illumination decreases 75%. (79) |
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The inverse square law of light. Part two: illuminance of a surface |
doubling the distance between the light source and the illuminated surface will increase the illuminated area by four times. (79) |
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Color temperature is measure in ____. |
Kelvin. It is a scientific measurement for expressing the distribution of the colors radiating from a light source. It does not refer to the actual color. (80) |
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The distance, in millimeters that light must travel after it passes through the optical center of a lens is called ___. |
focal length (82) A short focal length will cause a wider field of view. |
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The term for focusing a lens so that it stays in focus from wide angle to telephoto is ____ _____ . |
back focus. (83). |
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The aperture is.... |
the opening of the lens and regulates the amount of light passing through the lens to the imager. (83) Aperture is measured in f-stops. The larger the f-stop, the smaller the lens opening and the less light is allowed in. |
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Depth of field is |
the distance between the nearest object in focus and the farthest object in focus (83). The smaller the aperture, the larger the depth of field. |
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The two common types of camera imagers are
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- CCD - charged coupled device - CMOS - complementary metal-oxide semiconductor |
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The purpose of a shutter on video cameras is to... |
help avoid light overload by limiting the how much time the incoming light can charge the imager. (85) Shutters frame rate affects the imager, not the video output frame rate. |
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The two types of video date come from... |
devices such as cameras, and computers. (85) |
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Video signal quality is determined by ___. |
bandwidth. (87) |
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The highest quality analog video signals are called...
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full bandwidth signals. (88) |
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What is bandwidth?
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It is the width of the band of frequencies that a signal requires. For example, a signal may require 6MHZ of bandwidth. (88) |
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RGBHV requires ___ cables and is referred to as full bandwidth RGB with separate sync
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five (88). |
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Bandwidth limiting is achieved by ___ and ___. |
filtering, encoding. (89) Encoding and decoding adds some noise and artifacts. Video standards stem from this bandwidth limiting issue: NTSC, PAL, SECAM. |
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What is luminance?
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Luminance (Y) is the monochromatic, or black and white, picture information. (90)
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How many signals does component video have? |
Three (90). Y, R-Y, B-Y, (or Y, Pb,Pr)
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How many signals does composite video have? |
One. (91) |
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What is a color subcarrier? |
The frequency in a video signal that carries color information. (Often around 3.58 MHZ in composite). (91) |
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DVI stands for ___ ___ ___. |
Digital visual interface. (93) It was the first digital standards for computers. |
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High-Definition Multimedia Interface is abbreviated: |
HDMI. (93) It is built on the DVI standard, and includes audio, device control, content protection, and Ethernet. |
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DisplayPort is... |
The other format the book mentions. (93) It uses similar format to DVI, but is not completely compatible. |
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What does VESA do? |
The Video Electronics Standard Association coordinates computer resolution standards. (94) VESA also defines EDID (extended display identification data). |
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What do you need to measure video bandwidth? |
A spectrum analyer. (94) Or, you can calculate it: [(Tp*Frate)/2]*3=Signal Bandwidth in Hz. (Tp = total number of pixels, Frate = frame rate).
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Displays use three methods for viewing:
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transmissive (rear projection, light transmits through), reflective (front projection), emissive (LED, plasma - light is sent directly out). (95-96). |
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The size of the display is calculated proportional to the farthest view in the room. Farthest viewing distance is calculated:
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farthest viewer distance = 6xH (H=height of the image). (99) For more detail (architectural drawings, use 4x, or you can go as far as 8x). Viewers should be no more than 45 degrees off access. |
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Aspect ratio is |
the ratio of the image width to image height. (99) Humans normal frame things horizontally, thus, width is the first number. Aspect ratio = screen width/screen height (101). |
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What is the inverse square law as it pertains to video? |
- the illumination from a light source varies inversely with the square of its distance from the measuring point. - the illumination of a surface such as a screen varies inversely with the square of its distance from a light source. (106) |
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What is contrast ratio?
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The difference between system black and the brightest image. Better contrast ratio promotes higher perceived image quality. (106) |
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What term refers to the best viewing area of an audience?
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Viewing cone. (107) |
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Viewing distance: |
- general: viewing distance should not be greater than 150 times the character height. - video: closest view should be no closer than width of screen, farthest view should be no farther than 8 times the height of the screen. (1w8h rule) - computer data - 1w6h rule. (108) |
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What is the distance between the projector and the screen called?
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Throw distance. (108) |
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Centering refers to...
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centering the video signal onto the imaging device so there are no pixels overlapping off the screen. (110) |
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Light waves are categorized by their _____
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wavelength. (114)
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Generally, a ___ measurement is taken at a task area like a video screen. |
lux (114). |
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Perceived illumination decreases by ___ when the distance from a light source is doubled. |
75%. (114)
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In the component video signal, the ____ signal is combined with the ____ information. |
Sync, Y (115) |
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In composite video, what "shares" the luminance space? |
Chrominance. (115) |
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Four factors related to primary optics that influence the quality of the projected image are: |
refraction, dispersion, spherical aberration, and curvature of field. (115) |
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The three major formats of digital connections are: |
DVI, HDMI, DisplayPort. (115) |
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To measure the bandwidth of an image, you will need a ____. |
spectrum analyzer. (116) |
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Rear-screen display applications are considered ___ |
transmissive. (115) |
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LCDs first pass light through a ___, which blocks certain light waves. |
polarizer. (116) |
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When selecting a display type, what should be your first step?
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Determine what you want to display (116). |
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The ___ the gain number of a screen, the ___ image. |
higher, brighter. (116) |
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What quality would the image have if the phase of a display needs adjusting?
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fuzzy details. (116) |
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The formula for an ANSI lumen rating is ____ |
L=SH x SW x AF (117) |
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Which type of network topology is the once which connects network devices in a sequence along a linear path? |
A bus network. (134) |
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What type of network uses packets?
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Ethernet. (135) |
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What happens to the connection speed in a Wi-FI connection if the signal strength declines?
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Slows down. (135) |
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What type of fiber optic cable is identified by its yellow jacket?
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Single Mode. (135) |
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The ___ model is a guide that assists with conforming network communications and their processes to standards. |
OSI reference. (135) |
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In the OSI Model, cabling and patchbays are elements of ____ |
layer 1, the physical layer. (135) |
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A ____ address is unique to every device and identifies a network's equipment.
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MAC (135) |
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IP deals with ___ on a network. |
addresses (135). |
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An IPv6 uses ___ groups of four hexadecimal numbers. |
eight. (136) |
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Subnet masks can indicate how many ___ are allowed on the network. |
devices (136) |
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What is required to sen an IP address manually on a network?
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IP address and subnet mask. (136) |
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What type of switch just needs to be plugged in and connected to devices? |
Unmanaged switches. (136) |
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A ___ sends packets to different locations on a network and connects to outside networks.
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gateway. (136) |
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A ___ controls incoming and outgoing network traffic and determines what will be allowed through based on a set of security rules. |
firewall. (137) |
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The path on which signal types travel is called ___. |
signal flow (150) |
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The purpose of shielding is to prevent ___ from mixing with the signal. |
noise. (150) |
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What is the differentiation between cable and wire? |
cable contains multiple conductors, wire is one conductor. (151) |
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Twisted-pair cable using balanced circuitry can help in __ |
rejecting interference. (151)
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Unless amplified, digital signals generally do not travel as far as ___ signals. |
analog (151) |
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Switchers ___ |
allow users to select one input from a number of inputs.
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A 4 x 2 matrix can
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connect any of four inputs to any or both of two outputs. |
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An AV rack is a housing unit that ___ electronic equipment |
protects and organizes. (151) |
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The inside of a typical AV rack is ___ wide, and the outside varies from ___. |
19in., 21-25in. |
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Remote control systems ___ the operation of an AV system. |
simplify (159) |
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Setting volume levels is most likely to be a function or a macro? |
function (159) |
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Powering on an audio amplifier and display is more likely a function or a macro? |
macro (159) |
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The purpose of a control system interface is to send instructions to the ___. |
control systems cpu. (159)
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Communication that allows a return message is called ___. |
omnidirectional (160)
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Contact-closure control communication provides device operation by... |
closing or opening an electrical current or voltage loop.
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One thing(s) that can interfere with IR control is...
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sunlight or fluorescent lighting (160) |
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Ethernet is mainly used in control systems to... |
control environments at greater distances. (160)
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Voltage is the force that causes ___ to flow through a conductor.
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current (168)
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Current is measure in ___. |
amps (169) |
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The opposition to the flow of electrons in AC is called ___. |
impedance (resistance and reactance) (169) |
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Power is measured in ___. |
watts (168)
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The relationship among voltage, current, and resistance is defined by the formula... |
ohms law: I=V/R (169) P=IV (side note) |
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A current is always seeking to go to the ____ |
source. (169) |
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The main panel distributes power using .... |
feeders and subpanels. (169) |
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At what point in the AC are the branch circuits that power wall outlets and AV equipment connected? |
subpanels (169). AV equipment needs to be on separate circuits in the subpanel, to avoid interference and power overdraw.
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When planning an electrical system, do not exceed ___ of the capacity of any circuit.
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80% (169) |
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An AC signal of ___ falls into the RF spectrum. |
3kHz to 300 GHZ (176) |
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What does the transmitter do with its audio, video, and/or data? |
Converts it to be sent out via antenna. (177) (modulates it and puts it in an RF carrier, amplifies it) |
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___ is the most important step in converting date in a transmitter.
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Modulation (177) |
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The range of RFs between 300MHz and 3 GHz is the ___ band. |
UHF (177)
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An antenna will be most sensitive to transmissions that ___. |
have a wavelength closest to its physical length (177) |
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The main function of a diversity receiver is to ___. |
calculate phase differences differences between signals in order to avoid cancellation (177)
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Which of the following receives broadcast programs from multiple antennas and is redistributed by coaxial or fiber-optic cable? - HDTV, CATV, MATV, RFTV |
CATV (177) (receives broadcast programs from multiple antennas and redistribute them by coaxial or fiber optic. |
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Is asking frequent questions part of active listening?
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No. Maintain eye contact, focus on what person is saying, summarize are paraphrasing the person's statements are. (207)
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What is usually the best approach for communicating detailed technical AV plan information to a client? |
Sending the client a document containing the information. (208) |
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What is the most valuable source of information when defining the needs for an AV system? |
End-user descriptions of the tasks and applications the AV system will support. (208) |
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What is the main purpose of an initial needs analysis |
Identify the activities that the end users will perform and the functions that the AV system should provide to support these activities. (208) |
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How does knowledge of the overall room function assist the AV system designer in defining the client needs? |
Provided a starting point from which to determine client need. (208) |
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How are task parameters used when defining user needs? |
To provide overall information about the desired general AV needs. (208) |
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What is the purpose of benchmarking? |
To give the client an opportunity to experience a number of AV system designs that address similar needs. (209)
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Why is it important fort he AV professional to obtain a full set of building plans? |
To understand the full range of room features to ensure that the AV system design takes other building systems and components into account. (209)
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What client contact information should be collected during initial client meetings?
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Anyone involved - main contact, technical representatives, building/contstruction contacts, etc. (209)
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How does the AV team user information about any identified constraints to the AV design and installation tasks? |
To develop a work-around plan when these constraints will affect the design or installation tasks. (209) |
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When visiting a client site, the primary work site regulations governing the use of PPE are typically defined by which constituent? |
The AHJ (the authority having jurisdiction) (but, the client, client's insurance company, and your company may also have requirements). (233) |
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Are nonslip tools part of the safety equipment that AV technicians should use when working at a work site?
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No. But personal protection gear (PPE), non-conductive ladders, and fall protection should be used. (233) |
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What is a site survey checklist typically used to do?
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Document general information about a client and the site that may be relevant for the AV design and installation tasks. (233) |
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What type of plan drawing depicts the layout of items on the ceiling? |
A reflected ceiling plan. (233) |
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What type of drawing depicts the ductwork that goes through the building? |
Mechanical drawing. (234)
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What type of drawing would you use to determine the characteristics of a wall to ascertain the appropriate height and location of a video display. |
An elevation drawing. (234) |
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What type of drawing would you use to determine what is behind a wall or above a ceiling that could interfere with your system installation plan? |
A section drawing plan. (234) |
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What drawing would you review to find out exactly how the projection should be mounted to the ceiling? |
A detail drawing. (234) |
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Which abbreviation on a drawing tells you something on the drawing is not consistent with the scale? |
NTS |
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What possible abbreviation, along with a measurement given on a drawing, tells you how high on a wall an interface plate should be installed? |
AFF (above finished floor) (would indicate how high above the floor it needed to be) (234) |
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Which type of drawing provide the best information about the ducts and piping in a facility?
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Mechanical drawings (235) |
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One a drawing with a 1:50 scale, 2 cm equal how many meters? |
2cm would be 100 cm, so 1 meter. (235) |
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One a drawing using a 1/4 scale, 6 inches equal how many feet? |
24 feet (1/4 = 6/24) |
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What does a section cut symbol on a drawing indicate? |
An interior view of a wall or ceiling structure. (235) |
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What are the main concerns of the AV system designer regarding the audience area?
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The AV designer should evaluate the overall room design to determine if the audience can see and hear the presentation, and that movement within the seating area will be comfortable. (259) |
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What is the primary issue the AV designer should examine when evaluating the AV control or projection room area? |
The AV designer should determine if the room meets the size, power, and HVAC requirements and provides other services needed for the AV system components. (259) |
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What is the typical primary concern of the AV designer when evaluating the HVAC systems at a client site?
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The primary concern of the AV designer regarding HVAC systems at a client site is whether the HVAC system will interfere with AV system components. (259) |
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What is the primary issue that the AV designer should asses when reviewing the acoustic environment at a client site? |
The primary concern when reviewing the acoustical environment within a client site is the level of ambient noise and reverberation that is present within the room. (258)
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A client needs a display system for a room that will be used for inspecting detailed drawings of computer system networks. What is the maximum distance that the viewers should be placed from a 4-foot high screen? |
For inspecting detailed images, such as graphics and engineering diagrams, viewer should be placed no farther than four times the screen height from the screen. In this case, with a 4-foot high screen, the farthest view should be no more than 16 feet from the screen. (259) |
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Based on your review of the client needs, the display should consist of an HD wide-screen flat-panel monitor that is 4 feet high. How wide is the image displayed on this monitor? |
An HD display has an aspect ration of 16:9, which is equal to multiplying the height by 1.78 to determine the width. In this case, the 4-foot high screen times 1.78 results in a screen width of 7.12 feet. (259) |
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Your client is interested in installing a large projection screen in a front lobby area to display images of various projects for promotional purposes. The screen will be installed direction across from a street-level entrance with several windows and a revolving glass door. What should be the primary initial concern of the AV designer regarding the projection system? |
The typical primary concern for AV designers regarding projectors and screens is the impact of ambient light on the quality of the image. In this instance, since there are several windows in this space, ambient light will likely be a substantial issue. (259) |
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What is the primary factor an AV designer should examine when evaluating the potential to ensure a high contrast ratio for a front-projected image within a room?
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In a projection environment, the contrast ratio of the image is most affected by the ambient light levels with the room. (259) |
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The AV designer is evaluating the proposed AV power supply to an AV control room. What issue(s) should the AV designer consider? |
1. How much power is necessary to operate the AV system components. 2. What non-AV equipment is on the same panelboard as the AV equipment. 3. What existing outlets are available for the AV equipment. (259) |
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What is the purpose of a sight line study? |
To determine if the audience has a clear view of the screen. (272) |
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What is a not recommended approach to minimize ambient light levels within a room? |
Use lighter-colored finishes on walls. (272). |
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What is the primary concern the AV designer has regarding the design of the building's HVAC system? |
Minimize noise levels within the room during HVAC operation. (272) |
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How do building regulations or codes impact the AV system design? |
Building regulations and codes often specify the type of electrical wiring that must be used for specific AV installations. (273) |
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What is the objective of the program phase of AV system design? |
Describe the AV systems necessary to support the defined needs and the general cost of those systems (291). |
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What should the specific AV system capabilities be based on? |
Identified needs of the end users (292). |
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What is the main objective of an AV program report? |
Communicate to the decision makes about the overall system's capabilities and budget. (292) |
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Which portion of the AV program report should describe the end users who were consulted to determine system requirements? |
Executive summary (292). |
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Which of the following cost descriptions provides a general budget for the AV system for use within the AV program report? |
Opinion of probable cost (292). (it is a general estimate of what it could cost) |
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Once approved, what does the AV program report become the basis for? |
Developing more detailed AV systems design documents and cost estimates (292). |
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When the designing a video display system, what should be the first consideration of the AV system designer?
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How the client is going to use the video display system (344) |
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The AV designer is creating a system for a client who also needs to route video and audio signals to various other locations at the site. At what level should the AV designer consider this need? |
The AV designer should determine the needed monitoring, feeds, and recording requirements, and ensure that they are supported by the system design (345). |
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How should the AV design ensure that the AV system addresses the necessary display signal sources? |
By establishing a clear, up-front understanding of the media that the client needs to present (345). |
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How should an AV system designer address system bandwidth? |
Select components that maximize the bandwidth of the entire system (345). |
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What are the three main performance parameters that an audio system should be designed to achieve? |
Loudness, intelligibility, and stability (345). |
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How should an AV system designer determine the required frequency response of an audio system? |
The frequency response should be based on the type of application the audio is intended to support (345). |
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What audio processor might a system designer specify to enhance the intelligibility of a videoconferencing system? |
Echo canceler (346). |
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What is the total impedance of a system consisting of three loudspeakers, each with 4 ohms of impedance, connected in series? |
12 Ohms (add impedance when speakers are in series) (346). |
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In audio systems where the loudspeakers are located far from the amplifier, what type of loudspeaker system is typically used? |
Constant-voltage system that uses transformers (346). |
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As a listener moves away from a sound source, such as a loudspeaker, the sound energy drops. According to the inverse square law, what is the formula you would use to determine the drop in acoustic energy if the user moved from 6 to 12 meters away from a sound source? |
dB = 20 log (6 meters / 12 meters) (346). |
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An AV company that is planning a client system installation typically works with vendors to obtain what types of things? |
- AV equipment such as projectors, displays, audio, and control systems - Installation services and assistance - Fabrication of custom components, such as furniture (357) |
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When working with a vendor or subcontractor for AV services, what does the abbreviation RFP stand for? |
Request for proposal. (358) |
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What is the typical best practice for selecting potential vendors to bid on providing product and services for your AV project? |
Select vendors based on information about their capabilities, experience, terms, and value. (358) |
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When creating an RFP, what is the best approach for describing the work that you want vendors to address within their proposal? |
Describe the specific project work that you want the vendor to address in as much detail as possible, and ask the vendor to propose a technical approach and cost.(358) |
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What best describes the approach for evaluating proposals for products and services from potential vendors? |
Select the proposal that provides the best combination of cost, value, and terms. (358) |
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On what is project labor estimate based? |
The charge out rate for labor in each labor category needed to complete all of the necessary project task. (373) |
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What is a BOM? |
A list of the equipment, supplies, and materials required for the project along with the quantity and cost for each item. (372) (Bill of Materials) |
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What is included in the charge-out rate for labor in a project estimate? |
The staff member wages, plus vacation time, taxes, and other company overhead costs applicable to that person. (373) |
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You are interested in getting a bid from a vendor for equipment and supplies for a client AV system installation project. What information do you give the vendor to provide the basis for the bid? |
A list of the specific items that you want the vendor to provide. (373) |
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Your company has several projects that require a large number of standard items, such as connectors, cabling, conduit, etc. What is likely the best approach to obtain items for these projects at the lowest total cost? |
Purchase a large amount of these items at a lower cost per individual item, and keep them in stock in a warehouse until needed for projects. |
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What is the main objective of evaluating the cost of evaluating an AV project? |
To determine if the AV company made money on the project. (373) |
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How do project managers use information obtained from evaluating the cost of completing an AV project? |
To improve project estimates and the project management approach. (373) |
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What is the purpose of evaluating staff utilization rates? |
To evaluate if each staff member's time is being used as effectively as possible. (374) |
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How does an AV manager use a P&L statement to asses the company's performance? |
It provides general information about the financial health of the overall company. (374)
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What is a sign of an improperly fabricated cable termination? |
Visible stray wires. (416) |
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What tests should be conducted to evaluate if a termination is properly transmitting a signal? |
Continuity test. (417) |
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In order to communicate with devices installed onto a TCP/IP network, what must each device have? |
An IP address (417) |
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What is a drawback of using a rack-mounted RF receiver? |
The metal rack can shield the receiver from its intended signal. (417) |
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What rack ventilation method uses a fan that draws air from the rack? |
Evacuation. (417) |
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What does signal separation refer to within a rack layout?
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Separating cables according to signal strength. (417) |
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When mounting heavy equipment, always mount to... |
... the building's structural support or blocking. (418) |
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Who should evaluate all mounting plans and advise the installation technician on difficult mounting situations? |
Structural engineer. (418) |
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What is the load limit? |
The weight at which the item will structurally fail. (418) |
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Roof-mounted HVAC systems may produce vibrations that cause the projector to vibrate and cause an image to appear unfocused? |
True. (418) |
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To what does permissible area of conduit refer to? |
The amount of the inner diameter of a conduit that may be filled with cable. (418) |
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What is the main purpose for reviewing the system design when preparing for providing AV support for a live event?
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Helps the AV installer determine the required equipment and crew resources. (418) |
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Why can implementing a VLAN be labor-intensive? |
Its broadcast domain must be segmented on every switch in the network. (419) |
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Which of the following objectives should the AV team target when locating microphones for a live event? |
Ensure that all microphones are behind loudspeakers. (419) |
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How far away from the screen should you place a video projector with a lens ratio of 2.0 to create a 10-foot (3-meter) wide image? |
20 feet (6 meters). (419) |
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Project budget refers to? |
The amount of labor and materials the project manager has allocated to complete the project. (433)
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How should the AV company respond if a client requests changes in the project that end up increasing the cost of completing the project? |
Ask the client to agree to a change order (CO) that describes the changes to the project agreement and the additional costs. (433) |
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What is a dependency within a project task schedule? |
A task that cannot begin before another task is complete. (433) |
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How should the relationship of the AV installation team with other vendors on the site be? |
The AV team should actively communicate and coordinate with the project manager and other vendors to ensure that the A installation is not impacted by other vendors working on the project. (433) |
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What document would an AV company submit in the event that a modification in the building design impacted the AV system installation requirements?
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Request for change. (RFC) (434) |
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What item defines project deliverables and relates the elements of work? |
The WBS (work breakdown schedule) defined project deliverables and relates the elements of work. (434) |
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What should a maintenance technician document for a system |
-When preventative maintenance is provided -When equipment is updated -When another company's equipment fails (448) |
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In the context of AV system installations, what is the systems performance verification, or commissioning process? |
A formal process for testing the elements of the AV system to ensure that they operate as intended. (448) |
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What is the objective of commissioning an AV system?
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Systematically test all components to demonstrate that the AV system operates properly. (448) |
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How does the AV technician use an understanding of signal flow to ensure proper operation? |
To gain an understanding of overall system operation that will aid in identifying sources of problems. (448) |
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When briefing end uses on how to operate the AV system, the AV team should provide? |
Focus on how to perform basic presentation functions. (448) |
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What is the proper AV shutdown procedure? |
Shut down system components in a specifically defined order. (449) |
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What is the main reason for carefully documenting AV systems preventive maintenance tasks in a maintenance log? |
Provide a detailed maintenance records that will aid in ongoing maintenance and repair. (449) |
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What is one thing that training end users on the operation of the AV system will not eliminate? |
The need for AV company maintenance and repair calls. (449) |
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AV companies are typically required to provide documentation of the AV system after a project is complete. What is that documentation typically composed of? |
- Manufacture manuals - System design and configuration - Configuration of the system, including DIP switch and IP addresses - Operating instructions written for the AV knowledge level of the end user. (449) |
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Which type of type of maintenance agreement commits an AV company to provide ongoing preventive maintenance for a client system? |
Service agreement. (457) |
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When a new AV device fails within the first few weeks after installation, under which type of warranty is the repair typically addressed?
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Manufacture's warranty. (457) |
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What is the first step that an AV technician should take when a client reports a problem with an AV system? |
Obtain more information about the problem , such as the symptoms of the system failure. (457) |
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What is an example of good preventative maintenance? |
Replacing a projector bulb that is nearing the end of its operational life. (457) |
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What should be the first step in troubleshooting a failure in an AV system? |
Clearly identify the failure symptom. (478) |
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What is an intermittent problem? |
A system failure that is difficult to reproduce. (478) |
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Once the characteristics of the system failure are clearly identified, what is the recommended next step in order to return the system to normal operation? |
Examine the system to determine if the problem is simple to address and gather more information. (478) |
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What is typically the most efficient process for localizing the faulty function with a malfunctioning system? |
Logically divide the system in half, and determine which portion has the failure, and then repeat for the failed half. (478) |
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When troubleshooting an AV system, should the AV technician consider user error as a source of the problem? |
Yes, because users often do not understand how to properly operate the system, and may have changed settings or performed other actions that caused the failure. (478) |
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What is the best method to determine if a microphone is the source of a problem? |
Swap out the suspect microphone with a new microphone that you know is working and see if the system works properly. (479) |
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What is an example of something that would not cause a video projector to overheat? |
Brightness is set too high. (479) |
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What is often the most common item of failure in an AV system? |
Cable/connector failure. (479) |
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What is an adjustment that is not a method of addressing feedback within an audio system? |
Adding compression to the microphone signal chain. (479) |
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An excessive amount of high frequency hiss within an audio system is likely due to what? |
Poor gain structure. (479) |
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What is a typical relationship between an AV company and its suppliers and vendors? |
The supplies and vendors often become long-term partners with the AV company in meeting the client needs. (492) |
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How should an AV manager best manage stock and inventory? |
Keep track of the equipment and supplies the company has on hand, what is on order, and what is at the client site? (492) |
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Why does an AV company use a unique bar code or other identifier on an equipment case for rental AV equipment? |
To identify a specific component and allow an inventory system to check the component in and out of the warehouse and venue site. (492) |
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Once equipment leaves the warehouse, who is responsible for ensuring the security and preventing theft? |
Whoever has taken control of the equipment. (492) |
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What is the key security concern when renting AV equipment? |
Properly identifying the person taking possession of the equipment from the AV company. (493) |
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What best describes the recommended approach to maintaining professional skills and knowledge? |
Obtain industry information from a range of sources, including courses, seminars, publications, vendor presentations,, and professional certification courses. (493) |
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Remote monitoring services for client sites are intended to... ? |
Track usage, identify system or component failures, and identify tampering. (493) |
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What best describes the market that your AV business should strive to reach with its marketing campaign? |
Persons or companies interested in purchasing the types of AV equipment or services in which your company has special skills or capabilities. (Your marketing campaign should be based on the specific strengths of your company and its products). (510) |
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An AV company that concentrates on serving the needs of retailers is focusing on what type of market? |
Vertical market. (510) |
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What does the term "value proposition" refer to? |
The element of your company that give you an advantage over other companies. (510) |
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A proposal for an AV system installation should provide all but one of these: - general project assumptions - detailed description of all the components - detailed breakdown of the costs - detailed description of the i.d. process - warranty information |
Detailed description of how the needs were identified - client should already know how the needs were identified. (510) |
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What is the recommended role of the AV salesperson when meeting with the client to present a project proposal? |
To assist the client in making a purchase decision. (510) |
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Who is the person in the client organization that you should focus on meeting to present your proposal? |
The decision maker identified as ultimately responsible for the AV systems. (510) |
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What should the sales discussion focus on? |
How the proposed system will meet the client needs. (511)
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