Cto - Digestive Glands

Front 1

what are the 3 major salivary glands?

Back 1

parotid, submandibular, and sublingual

Front 2

is the parotid a serous or mucous gland? Submandibular? Sublingual?

Back 2

serous; mixed; mixed

Front 3

what is the normal arrangement of salivary glands?

Back 3

acini

Front 4

submandibular and sublingual salivary glands have mucous and serous secretory areas arranged how?

Back 4

mucous unit with an overlying serous demilune

Front 5

which type of cells are associated with secretory units and with small ducts draining them to help with excretion?

Back 5

myoepithelial cells

Front 6

what are the two major classifications of ducts draining salivary glands?

Back 6

intralobular and interlobular

Front 7

what are the two categories of intralobular salivary ducts?

Back 7

intercalated ducts and striated ducts

Front 8

between intercalated and striated intralobular salivary ducts, which is located closer to the secretory elements?

Back 8

intercalated ducts

Front 9

why are striated ducts named such?

Back 9

because of their basal cell membrane infoldings and alignment of mitochondria in that region

Front 10

which two types of epithelium can be found in intercalated ducts?

Back 10

simple squamous and simple cuboidal

Front 11

striated ducts are characterized by which type of epithelium?

Back 11

simple columnar

Front 12

in which process are cells of striated ducts actively engaged? Which substances are secreted by these cells into the saliva?

Back 12

ion transport; lysozyme, IgA

Front 13

which are larger, intra- or interlobular ducts? What is the epithelium of the largest interlobular ducts?

Back 13

interlobular; stratified columnar

Front 14

is the exocrine pancreas a serous or mucous gland? What does it produce?

Back 14

purely serous; variety of digestive proenzymes that will be secreted into the duodenum

Front 15

where are striated ducts located in the exocrine pancreas? Myoepithelial cells?

Back 15

they are not; they are not

Front 16

what is a unique feature of the intercalated ducts of the pancreas? What are the names for the cells which compose this feature?

Back 16

retrograde extension into the lumen of the serous acinus; centroacinar cells

Front 17

what is the purpose of the bicarbonate-rich fluid produced by the centroacinar cells and other cells of small ducts of the pancreas?

Back 17

neutralize the acidic gastric contents and provide an optimal pH for the activity of the pancreatic enzymes in the duodenum

Front 18

from the intralobular intercalated ducts, where do pancreatic secretions flow?

Back 18

to larger caliber interlobular ducts and then into the main pancreatic duct which empties into the duodenum

Front 19

which type of epithelium characterizes the bile duct in the liver?

Back 19

simple cuboidal epithelium

Front 20

which vessels are located in the portal triads around the periphery of a classic liver lobule?

Back 20

portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct

Front 21

how does blood reach the center of a liver lobule from the periphery?

Back 21

via liver sinusoids

Front 22

which type of capillary are liver sinusoids? Are they large or small in diameter?

Back 22

discontinuous; large

Front 23

what is the name for the resident macrophages of the liver? Where are they found primarily?

Back 23

Kupffer cells; liver sinusoids

Front 24

what is the basal domain of a hepatocyte?

Back 24

the portion that faces the sinusoids

Front 25

what are ito cells? Where are they located? What is the name for this space?

Back 25

cells probably involved in vitamin A metabolism; in the space between the endothelium of the liver sinusoids and the basal domain of the hepatocyte; perisinusoidal space of Disse

Front 26

with what are lateral domains of hepatocytes in contact?

Back 26

other hepatocytes

Front 27

what occurs at the apical domains of the hepatocytes?

Back 27

they create the walls of the bile canaliculi

Front 28

where does bile secreted by the hepatocytes travel?

Back 28

through bile canaliculi toward the periphery of the lobule into terminal ductules and ultimately into bile ducts of portal triads

Front 29

what are 2 other names for the terminal ductules of the liver?

Back 29

cholangioles and canals of Hering

Front 30

what is the function of the gallbladder?

Back 30

to store and concentrate the bils produced by the liver

Front 31

which 2 characteristic layers of the digestic tract are absent in the walls of the gallbladder?

Back 31

muscularis mucosa and submucosa

Front 32

is the muscularis externa layer of the wall of the gallbladder organized into the same inner circular/outer longitudinal pattern seen in the intestinal tract?

Back 32

no

Front 33

by what is the outer wall of the gallbladder facing the peritoneal cavity lined? The wall directly contacting the liver?

Back 33

serosa; adventitia

Front 34

is the mucosa of the gallbladder thrown into folds?

Back 34

yes but NOT villi

Front 35

which type of epithelium characterizes the mucosa of the gallbladder? Are there villi present on these cells? microvilli?

Back 35

simple columnar; no; yes

Front 36

which structure on the lateral surfaces of the gallbladder mucosal epithelium serve to increase the surface area necessary for the concentration of bile?

Back 36

plicae (folds)

Front 37

what is pumped through the lateral walls of gallbladder epithelial cells to concentrate the bile? What is the role of this pumping?

Back 37

Na+ and Cl-; it creates an osmotic gradient toward which water from the gallbladder lumen will travel, leaving behind the more concentrated bile

Front 38

what aspect of saliva forms a protective protein coat on the teeth?

Back 38

pellicles

Front 39

how much saliva is produced daily?

Back 39

1500 cc

Front 40

what carbohydrate is present in saliva

Back 40

alpha amylase

Front 41

while both are mixed glands, is the submandibular gland mostly serous or mucous in character? The sublingual?

Back 41

serous; mucous

Front 42

is the serous demilune of sublingual and submandibular salivary glands a real structure? What is the reality?

Back 42

no, it is an artifact; serous and mucous cells are interspersed in the glands

Front 43

what molecule is responsible with control of pancreatic enzymatic secretions? Pancreatic water and ion (bicarbonate) secretions?

Back 43

cholecystokinin; secretin

Front 44

what are the 5 roles of the liver?

Back 44

protein synthesis, bile secretion, detoxification and inactivation, storage, and gluconeogenesis

Front 45

how many sinusoids does one hepatocyte contact?

Back 45

several

Front 46

which structures in the wall of the hepatocytes isolate the lateral and apical domains?

Back 46

tight junctions