Cto Bio Lecture 13: Development

Front 1

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
(Source, Target, Action)

Back 1

Source: Hypothalamus
Target: Anterior Pituitary
Action: Synthesis and secretion of LH and FSH

Front 2

Follicle Stimulating Hormone
(Source, Target, Action)

Back 2

Source: Anterior pituitary
Target: Ovary
Action: Stimulates ovarian follicle growth, differentiation, and steroidgenesis

Front 3

Luteinizing Hormone
(Source, Target, Action)

Back 3

Source: Anterior Pituitary
Target: Ovary
Action: Stimulates ovulation, corpus luteum formation and steroidogenesis

Front 4

Estrogens
(Source, Target, Action)

Back 4

Source: Ovary (follicle cells)
Target: Uterus, vagina, oviduct, mammary glands
Action: Growth and differentiation of targets

Front 5

Progestins
(Source, Target, Action)

Back 5

Source: Corpus luteum
Target: Uterus, vagina, oviduct, mammary glands
Action: Growth and differentiation of targets

Front 6

Neurosecretory Cells

Back 6

Located in the hypothalamus, release GnRH

Front 7

Hypophyseal portal system

Back 7

Carries GnRH from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary

Front 8

Primary Follicle Development
(Four Steps)

Back 8

(1) Growth and differentiation of a primary oocyte.
(2) Proliferation of follicle cells
(3) Formation of the zona pellicula
(4) Development of the theca folliculi

Front 9

Dominant Follicle

Back 9

The fastest growing follicle among the primordial follicles.
The secondary follicle or primary oocyte.
Has the most FSH receptors on its supporting cells

Front 10

Theca Folliculi

Back 10

Stroma cells that organize into a capsule around primary follicle.
Theca interna--internal
Theca extera--capsule outer layer

Front 11

Interstitial gland of the ovary

Back 11

Widely scattered groups of stromal secretory cells in the ovary that produce estrogen

Front 12

Secondary follicle

Back 12

After the antrum forms the follicle is the secondary follicle or vesicular follicle.

Oocyte is surrounded by a mass of follicular cells called cumulus oophorus.

Front 13

LH surge stimulation

Back 13

Secondary follicle produce increasing estrogen, due to rising FSH signaling.

Increased estrogen signals LH to release from anterior pituitary

Front 14

LH surge result

Back 14

Triggers ovulation.
Caused by increased estrogen production by secondary follicle (primary oocyte)
Causes a spike in temperature

Front 15

Ovulation

Back 15

12-24 hours after LH surge
Follicle undergoes rapid growth due to spike in LH
Finishes MI, enters meiosis II, arrests at metaphase II

Front 16

Secondary oocyte

Back 16

Fully grown follicle, which has entered meiosis II and stops at metaphase II.
Mature follicle or "Graafian follicle"

Front 17

Stigma

Back 17

Spot of visable swelling on the ovarian surface, where the swelling oocyte develops into a mature follicle.

Front 18

Corona radiata

Back 18

follicle cells radially arranged the ovulated secondary oocyte.

Front 19

Corpus Luteum

Back 19

After the LH surge and ovulation, the walls of follicle and theca folliculi collapse and form folds, developing the glandular corpus luteum.

Front 20

Progesterone source

Back 20

Corpus luteum

Front 21

Progesterone action

Back 21

Causes the endometrial glands to secrete glycogen-rich mucous fluid that prepares the endrometrium for implantation.

Front 22

Corpus luteum and pregnancy

Back 22

Corpus luteum enlarges to form the corpus luteum of pregnancy.

Remains functional for 20 weeks, until the placenta makes sufficient estrogen and progesterone

Front 23

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
hCG

Back 23

Produced by blastocyst, prevents degredation of the corpus luteum.