Csw Study - Ch. 9

Front 1

France is #______ in Production

Back 1

1

Front 2

French Label Tiers

Back 2

Top Tier: AOC = AOP equivalent to "PDO"

Middle: IGP (used to be Vin de Pays)

Bottom: Vin (used to be Vin de Table)

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Northern France (general)

Back 3

Mostly white wines. Cooler Climate. Loire Valley, Alsace, Champagne

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Champagne

Back 4

North East of Paris. Coldest, wettest fine wine region of France. Formerly a still wine region. If a wine is labeled as "Champagne," it must be a sparkling wine and only from Champagne.

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Cuvée (Champagne)

Back 5

First press from Champagne grapes

Front 6

Champagne Yield Limits

Back 6

max of 25.5 hl of grape juice can be taken from 4000 kg of grapes

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Taille

Back 7

Second pressing of Champagne grapes

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Rebêche

Back 8

Anything left over from the final Champagne press. None of this is used for Champagne.

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Assemblage

Back 9

Blending.

After primary fermentation, then blending varietals, vintages or vineyards of the wine.

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2nd Fermentation in Bottle

Back 10

Liquer de tirage (wine, sugar, yeasts) poured into glass bottle.

Bottles sealed with a crown cap

Lasts 2 - 12 weeks.

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Sur Lie Aging

Back 11

Mandatory. May be referred to as "Sur Lot". Yeasts gradually breaks down giving in that bread. 15 months min for NV and 3 years min for vintage.

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Riddling

Back 12

"Remuage"

Moving dead yeast to the neck of bottle

By pupitre (a riddling rack that requires a hand turning process) or gyropalette (machine)

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Disgorgement

Back 13

Release of the dead yeasts. Neck of bottle placed in a brine solution under 32 degrees or liquid nitrogen. then crown cap removed.

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Dosage

Back 14

Bottle is refilled to top with Liqueur d'expédition (same champagne) plus sugar.

Front 15

Transfer Method

Back 15

Allowed in Champagne and allowed for very small or very large bottles. 2nd fermentation happens in a bottle (usu a magnum) but not the bottle that it is being sold in. Common for splits and really big bottles.

Front 16

Champagne Sub-Regions

Back 16

Unlike most other fine wines where the best come from a single vineyard and vintage, great champagne is a blend of vintages and grapes from diff growers.

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Champagne Grapes

Back 17

3 grapes allowed:

Pinot Noir - most widely planted

Pinot Meunier

Chardonnay

4 other grapes allowed to be grown in the district.

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Champagne Styles

Back 18

Year: NV, Vintage, Tete de Cuvée

Sweetness:

Front 19

Loire Valley

Back 19

Northern France. Mostly white wines. Starts where the Loire River splits and Sancerre and Pouilly-sur-Loire in the north-east then turns west and continues until the river meets the Atlantic Ocean.

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Loire Sub-Regions

Back 20

Pays Nantais "lower Loire" or Muscadet

"Middle Loire"

Anjou-Saumur

Touraine

Central Vineyards - sometimes called "upper Loire" (includes Sancerre & Pouilly Fume)

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Pays Nantais

Back 21

Coldest, wettest part of Loire Valley centered around the Nantes river.

High Acid, Low Alcohol wines.

Most important AOC: Muscadet

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Muscadet

Back 22

Wine from Melon de Bourgogne a light-bodied, very crisp white wine.

Appellations:

• Muscadet AOC

• Muscadet des Coteaux de la Loire AOC

• Muscadet Cotes de Grandlieu AOC

• Muscadet de Sèvre et Maine AOC

Makes dry white wines mostly "sur lie" (aged on dead yeast)

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Middle Loire

Back 23

Combination of the Anjou and Touraine districts

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Anjou & Touraine Sparkling

Back 24

Mostly made with Chenin Blanc.

Cremant de la Loire.

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Anjou & Touraine Rosé

Back 25

Most important grape: Cabernet Franc

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Savennieres

Back 26

Most prestigious AOC in the Middle Loire. Bone dry white wines with high acidity using Chenin Blanc. High Alcohol.

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Vouvray

Back 27

AOC in Touraine/Middle Loire. Must be made from Chenin Blanc. Produced in a "Sec" or Demi-Sec style.

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Touraine Red Wine Appellations

Back 28

Bourgueil

Chinon - most famous

St. Nicolas-de-Bourgueil

- Must have 90% Cabernet Franc (may have some Cabernet Sauvignon)

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Loire Valley Soil

Back 29

Chalk.

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Layon

Back 30

Large area in Middle Loire (Anjou area) high incidence of noble rot or botrytis - dessert wines that must be made from Chenin Blanc.

Great Dessert wines of the World:

Quart de Chaume (Loire Valley's 1st Grand Cru)

Coteaux du Layon (primary sweet wine area)

Bonnezeaux

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Central Vineyards aka Upper Loire

Back 31

Dry white wines from Sauvignon Blanc.

Pouilly-Fumé AOC (east bank)

Sancerre (west bank)

Quincy

Mondavi renamed it Fume Blanc for Sauvignon Blanc wines in America

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Sancerre

Back 32

Central Vineyard

Mostly make dry whites from Sauvignon Blanc, some rosé and red from Pinot Noir

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Alsace - place

Back 33

Northern France. Cool and dry. Mountain region. Borders Germany. Rhine river borders it on the west and Vosges Mountains on the East. Germanic influence.

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Alsace - Noble Grapes

Back 34

1. Riesling

2. Gewurztraminer

3. Muscat

4. Pinot Gris (Tokay d'Alsace)

5. Sylvaner (only in Zotzenberg vineyard)

If grape is listed for the wine, it must be 100% of that wine.

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The "Other" Alsace grapes

Back 35

1. Pinot Blanc

2. Auxerrois

3. Sylvaner

4. Chasselas

5. Savagnin Rose

6. Chardonnay

7. Pinot Noir (only red grape)

*90% of Alsace wine is white

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Alsace AOC

Back 36

Alsace AOC - can be from anywhere in Alsace

Alsace Grand Cru - only from the best vineyards and most only come from one vineyard. Only noble grapes allowed. Must be hand harvested.

Cremant d'Alsace - grapes from anywhere in Alsace region. Sparkling in Methode Tradionalle only.

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Vendange Tardive (VT)

Back 37

• Late Havest wines

• Hand Harvetsted

• Rich, full-bodied

• Not necessarily sweet

• Only Noble grapes allowed

• May or may not for a Grand Cru

• From Alsace

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Sélection de Grains Noble (SGN)

Back 38

• Must! Dessert Wines from Botrytis

• Hand harvested

• Only Noble grapes

• May or may not be Grand Cru

• From Alsace

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Burgundy

Back 39

Located East-Central France, East of Loire, South of Champagne, SouthWest of Alsace.

Cool Climate in Chablis. Temperate Climate in the middle around the Cote d'Or. Warm Climate further down toward Beaujolais.

Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Gamay, Aligoté

Front 40

Burgundy Soils

Back 40

• Chalky in Chablis

• Chalk, Limestone & Marl in Cote d'Or and Macon

• Granite in Beaujolais

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Napoleanic Code

Back 41

When someone dies, the land must be divided among their sons.

Front 42

Burgundy Classification

Back 42

Regional - anywhere in Burgundy $

Sub-Regional $$

Village $$$

Premier Cru $$$$

Grand Cru $$$$$

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Burgundy Sub-Regions

Back 43

Chablis (furthest north)

Côte d'Or -

Côte de Nuits

Côte de Beaune

Côte Chalonnaise

Maconnais

Beaujolais (technically not Burgundy but always included on Burgundy maps)

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Chablis

Back 44

Most north-west region of Burgundy. Chalky soil.

Petite Chablis - anywhere in Chablis, lower category

Chablis

Chablis Premier Cru

Chablis Grand Cru

Dry White 100% Chardonnay with distinctive minerality or "flinty" characteristic.

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Côte d'Nuits

Back 45

Produces red (89%) and white (11%) - Mostly Pinot Noir

Mostly east facing vineyards

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Côte de Nuits Commune Appellations

Back 46

Marsannay

Fixin

Gevrey-Chambertin

Morey-Saint-Denis

Chambolle-Musigny

Vougeot

Vosne-Romanée

Nuits-St.-Georges

*Grand Crus can ONLY produce red wine except for Musigny

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Côte de Beune

Back 47

Reputation for white wine.

Mostly east facing vineyards.

Front 48

Côte de Beune Communes

Back 48

Aloxe-Corton

Beune

Pommard

Volnay

Meursault

Pernand-Vergelesses

Puligny-Montrachet

Chassagne-Montrachet

*Grand Cru level only allowed to produce white wines except for Corton, allowed to produce red and white.

Front 49

The Major White Wine Grapes of France

Back 49

1. Ugni Blanc

2. Chardonnay

3. Sauvignon Blanc

4. Melon de Bourgogne

5. Sémillon

6. Chenin Blanc

Front 50

The Major Red Wine Grapes of France

Back 50

1. Merlot 9. Cinsault

2. Cabernet Sauvignon 10. Pinot Meunier

3. Cabernet Franc 11. Mourvèdre

4. Grenache

5. Syrah

6. Pinot Noir

7. Carignon

8. Gamay

Front 51

Bordeaux - place

Back 51

Southwestern France. Two rivers divide area into the Left Bank (west of Gironde and Garonne rivers), Right Bank (east and north of Dordogne and Gironde) and Entre-Deux-Mers (between the two rivers). Maritime climate with a Gulf Stream influence.

Front 52

Primary Bordeaux Varietals

Back 52

Merlot

Cabernet Sauvignon

Cabernet Franc

Malbec

Petit Verdot

Carmenère

Sauvignon Blanc

Sémillon

Muscadelle

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Characteristics of "Basic Red Bordeaux"

Back 53

Everyday drinking wines typically made from Merlot grapes in the Entre-Deux-Mers area.

Front 54

Characteristics of "Higher End Right Bank Red"

Back 54

From areas around St.-Émilion, usually using a blend of the 3 top red grapes led by Merlot.

Front 55

Characteristics of "Higher End Left Bank Red"

Back 55

Most well known wines from this region from the Médoc. Cabernet leads the blend

Front 56

Dry White Bordeaux

Back 56

Mostly made from Sauvignon Blanc (some Semillon). Crisp, high acidity. Majority come from Entre-Deux-Mers, but some come from Graves, esp. Pessac-Léognam.

Front 57

Sweet White Wines (Bordeaux)

Back 57

From Sauternes on the Left Bank. Normally Sémillon based with sm amout of SauvBlanc. May be botrytised but not required.

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Château

Back 58

Any Bordeaux wine estate, with or without a mansion.

Front 59

Négociants

Back 59

Middlemen who bought juice or wine from small farms or estates then blended and bottled it to make and distribute their own wine.

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Bordeaux Classification of 1855

Back 60

The most famous ranking system created in 1855 by brokers in Bordeaux city to rank Bordeaux wines in preparation for the Universal Exhibition in Paris. Chateau Rankings were determined by price of bottle of wine. Excluded all Right Bank wines.

Front 61

Bordeaux Premier Cru

Back 61

"First Growths" - includes these Châteaux

Haut-Brion

Lafite-Rothschild

Latour

Margaux

Château Mouton-Rothschild (1973)

Front 62

Cru Classé

Back 62

The only classification level for Château in Graves (Bordeaux). Château Haut-Brion included in this list of 16 properties.

Front 63

St.-Émilion Grand Cru Classé

Back 63

The only classification system on the Right Bank. Requires re-classification every 10 years.

Premier Grand Cru Classé

Grand Cru Classé

16 total producers included. 4 considered an "A".

Front 64

Cru Bourgeois

Back 64

Classification of the best château in the Médoc. Renewed every 10 years. More of a judgement of quality than a chateau classification.

Front 65

Cru Artisan

Back 65

a classification of small, family owned and operated wine estates in the Médoc. Revived in 2006.

Front 66

Major Grape Varieties of Loire Valley

Back 66

Cabernet Sauvignon

Melon

Chenin Blanc

Gamay

Sauvignon Blanc

Chardonnay

Pinot Noir

Cabernet Sauvignon

Front 67

Zones of Champagne

Back 67

1. Montagne de Reims

2. Vallée de la Marne

3. Côte de Blancs

4. Côte de Sézanne

5. Côte des Bar

Front 68

Champagne Soil

Back 68

Kimmeridgian clay which is chalky soil formed by microscopic shellfish from an ancient sea mixed with clay. It has high water retention, heat retention and heat reflection.

Front 69

Alsace Wine Style

Back 69

Emphasis on grape varietal, typically singe varietal with aromatic fresh fruit with moderate acidity. Little to no use of oak.

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Major Wine Varietals of Burgundy

Back 70

Chardonnay

Pinot Noir

Aligoté

Gamay

Front 71

Burgundy Wine Styles

Back 71

Typically dry. Moderate alcohol, acidity, tannin. Complexity of aroma and flavors with a characteristic earthiness. Oak aging is the norm.

Front 72

Climats

Back 72

Different plots of land in Burgundy made up of very precise boundaries based on terroir

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Burgundy Classification

Back 73

1. Grand Cru - "Great Growth" highest classification

- Each Grand Cru is granted its own AOC named after the vineyard

2. Premier Cru - "First Growth" / Village

3. Regional AOC

*Differs from Bordeaux in that the vineyard land is classified in Burgundy vs. the Chateau in Bordeaux

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254 acre Grand Cru Vineyard

Back 74

In Chablis. Divided into 7 parcels:

Les CLos

Vaudésir

Valmur

Blanchot

Bougros

Les Preuses

Grenouilles

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Côte de Nuits Grand Cru

Back 75

Chambertin

Musigny

Clos de Vougeot

Romanée-Conti

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Côte Chalonnaise

Back 76

South of the Côte d'Or.

No Grand Cru but many Premier Cru vineyards

5 AOCs

-Rully AOC

-Mercurey AOC (most important)

-Givry

-Bouzeron (white wine only - mostly Aligoté)

-Montagny AOC (white wine only - mostly Chardonnay)

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Mâconnais

Back 77

North of Beaujolais. Mostly white wine - 100% Chardonnay. Most wine production in the Mâcon and Mâcon-Villages appellation. No Premier Cru or Grand Cru

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Côte de Nuit Villages

Back 78

?

Front 79

Côte de Beaune Villages

Back 79

?

Front 80

Beaujolais

Back 80

Below Burgundy.

Mostly Gamay grape. Warm & Sunny. Granite soils ideal for Gamay. Wines are light and fruity and intended for early consumption.

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Beaujolais Nouveau

Back 81

Released the 3rd Thursday of November worldwide every year. Launched in 1951, defined in 1985

Front 82

Carbonic Maceration

Back 82

with Beaujolais Noveau

Whole Cluster fermentation (grapes and stems). Weight of top grapes crush bottom grapes making juice that interacts with the yeasts. Doesn't include much acid and tannin making it not ageable.

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Cru Beaujolais

Back 83

10 Cru Villages. Most Famous: Moulin-à-Vent, Morgon

No Premier Cru or Grabd Cru. Cru Beaujolais does not go through Carbonic Maceration.

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Rhône Valley

Back 84

Hot climate w Mistral winds - strong winds effecting trellising, no frost and less mildew

Front 85

Northern Rhône Grapes

Back 85

Syrah (only red)

Viognier

Marsanne

Rousanne

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Southern Rhône

Back 86

Responsible for 96% of all Rhone production.

Front 87

Châteauneuf-du-Pape

Back 87

it's own AOC