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43 Cards in this Set
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Clone |
descended from a single plant. |
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Cross |
a different variety created from two different varieties of the same species i.e. Pinotage (Pinot Noir + Cinsault) |
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Hybrid |
a new variety of grape derived from two different species of grapes. |
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What species do wine making grapes belong to? |
• Vitis is the genus. • Within Vitis, wine grapes come from the species, Vitis Vinifera. • Developed in the Caucasus Mountains btw Europe and Asia |
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Name the major North American grape species and why it's important. |
• Vitis Labrusca is the 2nd most important grape species. • Mother of the concord grape .. but not good for wine making... bad flavor described as "foxy" • Resistant to phylloxera |
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What is a "scion"? |
The vinifera part of the grape vine that can be grafted on to the rootstock or trunk of the American species, Vitis Labrusca. |
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What is Airén? |
Most widely grown white wine grape in the world. |
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International Varieties |
Select group of grapes known to thrive in a wide range of growing conditions and do well in the New World and their original base. i.e. Cabernet Sauvignon |
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Indigenous Varities |
Grapes that have not been widely transplanted or they have not done well in regions outside their native area. Still assoc w one particular country or region. aka: Traditional, Native, Autochthonous i.e. Nebbiolo, native to Northwest Italy |
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CHARDONNAY Profile |
• WK ex: white Burgunday, Champagne, "CA style"/New World versions • Where: France, US, Australia • Aromas: green apple, melon, pears (cool climate), tropical fruit (warm climate), butter (malolactic fermentation), vanilla, butterscotch, caramel, toast (oak-aged) • Acidity: med - high • Alcohol: med - high |
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Chardonnay Overview |
• World's most popular white grape variety • Indigenous to Burgundy where it's limestone soils give it it's highest expression • Warmer Climates: like CA & Aus = less acidic, fuller body, ripe/tropical fruit flavors and higher alcohol • Cooler Climate: citrus flavors, green fruit, crisp acidity, light-med body • Rare white grape that can benefit from wood • Able to improve with age, esp barrel-aged Chards |
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Describe an "unoaked" Chardonnay |
Chardonnay which has been aged in used barrels or in stainless steel. |
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CHENIN BLANC profile |
WK ex: Vouvray, Savennières, Saumur Top Producing Countries: S. Africa, France, US Aromas: green apple, melon, green plum, citrus blossoms, earth, mineral, wet wool, honey, quince (aged) Acidity: med+ - high Alcohol: med - high |
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Chenin Blanc Overview |
• Most versatile of all grape varieties - able to produce dry to very sweet wines from still to sparkling • Known for High Levels of Acidity • Late Harvest Dessert wine version can last for decades • Most widely planted grape variety in S. Africa (20% of plantings), where it is known as "Steen" • Indigenous to Loire Valley, France |
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MUSCAT profile |
WK ex: southern France, northern Italy, Australia Top Producing Countries: Italy, France, Chile, Australia Aromas: musk, honey, orange blossom, floral, apricot, table grapes Acidity: low - med Alcohol: med - high |
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Muscat Overview |
• Primarily produces sweet wines • 5 related varieties, most prevalent: 1. Muscat Blanc à Petit Grains ("white Muscat w small berries) ... considered the higher quality; 2. Muscat of Alexandria, 3.Muscat Ottonel • All share characteristic powerful floral aroma, white grapes |
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What are the best known dessert Muscats? |
• Vin doux naturels from southern France • Rutherglen Muscats from Australia • Moscatels from south of Spain *Most Popular/Well Known = Moscato d'Asti from northwestern Italy (slightly sparkling, moderately sweet) |
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Pinot Gris/Pinot Grigio overview |
• means "Gray Pinot" referencing grapes dusky or lightly pink skin • dev as a mutation of Pinot Noir • Pinot Gris of France became Pinot Grigio of Italy once it was planted there |
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Pinot Gris |
• Pinot Gris from Alsace / Oregan • Cool climate style w med+ acidity, med-full body, apple-pear or almond character • May have moderate amount of residual sugar • When in Germany called Ruländer or Grauburgunder |
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Pinot Grigio |
• Introduced as Chard alternative in 1970's • Warmer climate in CA and Aus = lower-med to med-minus acidity + higher alcohol compared to when grown in cooler regions of Alto Adige and Veneto of Italy • typcially dry, neutral, unoaked |
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PINOT GRIGIP/PINOT GRIS profile |
WK ex: Northeastern Italy, Alsace, Oregon Top Producing Countries: Italy, US, Germany, France, Australia Aromas: apple, lemon, melon, peach, minerals, almonds Acidity: low - high Alcohol: medium |
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RIESLING profile |
WK ex: Mosel, Rheingau, Rheinhessen & Pfalz in Germany; Alsace in France; Clare and Eden Valleys in Australia; Finger Lakes, NY; Washington State Top Producing Countries: Germany, Australia, US, France Aromas: lime, peach, nectarine, apricot, honeysuckle, wet stone, petrol/kerosene (dep on ripeness and bottle age); baking spice (well aged) Acidity: high - very high Alcohol: very low - high |
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Riesling Overview |
• Indigenous to Germany • Trademark "petrol" scent • Retains high acidity even with increasing ripeness • Most long-lived of white wine grapes • Typically no oak-aging • White Riesling = Riesling • Missouri Riesling NOT Riesling but an indigenous American grape. |
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Sauvignon Blanc Overview |
• native to France: Loire Valley and Bordeaux • very sensitive to terroir and can produce many diff styles based on where it was grown • Usu high in acidity and drdy • often blended with Sémillon, a low acid grape, Bordeaux or Meritage style. • Makes the classic sweet wine, Sauternes, from Bordeaux |
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New Zealand Sauv Blanc |
Distinct herbal character. Grapefruit and Tropical Fruit. |
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Fumé Blanc |
• oak aged Sauv Blanc created by Robert Mondavi in the 1970's • Approved syn for Sauvignon Blanc |
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SAUVIGNON BLANC profile |
WK ex: Sancerre, Pouilly-Fumé, white Bordeaux, Fumé Blanc, New Zealand Top Producing Countries: France, New Zealand, Chile, US, South Africa Aromas: grass, hay, grapefruit, green pepper (cool climate), asparagus, melon (warm climate), flint (Loire), gooseberry (New Zealand), toast, smoke (oak-aged) Acidity: med+ to high Alcohol: medium |
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Sémillon Overview |
• Due to low, natural acidity used more as a blending grape • Blended w Sauv Blanc in Bordeaux • Blended w Chardonnay in Australia • Hunter Valley, Australia produces it as a 100% varietal wine • Distinct waxy or oily character on the palate |
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Viognier |
• native to upper Rhône River Valley • now planted in CA, S. America, Australia and East Coast of US • Virginia has declared it as the state's signature grape • Characteristics: rich, viscous, full-bodied w aromas of flowers, peach and tangerine |
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Pinot Blanc |
• descendent of Pinot Noir, a mutation of Pinot Gris • Mainly found in Italy as "Pinot Bianco" • Known as "Weissburgunder" in Germany and Austria • A main grape in Alsace, France • Lighter on palate w more exotic aromas than Pinot Gris |
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Gewürztraminer |
• first recorded in Italian Alps, now most prominent in Alsace, France • very aromatic .. perfume of flowers, spice, lychee and rose |
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Trebbiano |
• associated w Italy where it's the most common varietal used for white wines and balsamic vinegar • neutral • In France, known as Ugni Blanc and used for brandy, including Cognac |
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What is the significant white wine grape in Argentina? |
Torrontés |
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What are the significant white wine grapes in Austria? |
Grüner Veltliner |
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What are the significant white wine grapes in France? |
Aligoté Marsanne Roussanne |
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What are the significant white wine grapes in Germany? |
Müller-Thurgau Silvaner |
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What are the significant white wine grapes in Greece? |
Assyrtiko Moschofilero Rhoditis |
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What are the significant white wine grapes in Hungary? |
Furmint |
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What are the significant white wine grapes in Italy? |
Cortese Garganega Glera Verdicchio Vermentino Vernaccia |
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What are the significant white wine grapes in Portugal? |
Alvarinho Arinto Fernão Pires Loureiro |
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What are the significant white wine grapes in Spain? |
Albariño Godello Macabeo/Viura Palomino Parellada Pedro Ximénez Verdejo Xarel-lo |
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What are the significant white wine grapes in Switzerland? |
Chasselas |
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