Csw - Portugal

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geography of Portugal

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the southwestern section of the Iberian Peninsula; Atlantic Ocean to west and south

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how many grape varietals in Portugal

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approximately 350; most almost unknown in other countries

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most common red variety

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Castelao

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characteristics of Castelao

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complex, herbaceous

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other important red varieties which are:

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the primary grapes of Port (and other wines) - Touriga Nacional; Touriga Franca; Tinta Roriz (Aragonez/Tempranillo)

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Other names for Tinta Roriz

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Aragonez/Tempranillo

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extremely tannic red often aged in older barrels so as to not add more tannins; often yields age-worthy, robust wines with plum and tobacco notes

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Baga (grape varietal)

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characteristics of wine made from Trincadeira

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vibrant acidity & aromas of blackberry, herbs, and pepper

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how much of Portuguese wine is white

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less than 1/3

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character of the white Alvarinho

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distinctly tart and mineral in character, with peach and citrus aromas and flavors

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what is Portugal's most planted white grape variety

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Fernao Pires (also called Maria-Gomes) - found mainly in the south and central coast

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character of Maria-Gomes/Fernao Pires

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very aromatic; produced in a ranged of styles, still and sparkling

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white grapes of Madeira

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Sercial, VErdelho, Boal, Malvasia

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top of the pyramid

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DOC/PDO

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bottom of the pyramid

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Vinho de Portugal/Wine

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middle of the pyramid

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Vinho Regional (VR)/PGI)

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what category represents about 1/4 of Portugal's production

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Vinho de Portugal

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How many of the top 29 DOCS

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29

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coolest and wettest part of Portugal, just south of the Spanish region of Riax Baixas

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Minho region

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Vinho Verde means...

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green wine (although can be red, white or pink); green implies youth (can be consumed young)

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grapes for White Vinho Verde

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Loureiro & Alvarinho, sometimes blended with Arinto

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red Vinho Verde is mostly made from which grape

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Vinhao

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which grapes is White Vinho Verde produced from?

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Loureiro & Alvarinho

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which grape provides richness on the palate

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Loureiro

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which grape is leaner and higher in acidity

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Alvarinho

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can be produced as a single variety or a blend; also can be sparkling or slight effervence

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Vinho Verde

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Vinho verde is usually ____ in alcohol and ___ in acidity

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low;high

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minimum alcohol level for a white vinho Verde

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8.5%

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which grape is Red Vinho Verde made from mostly

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Vinhao

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________________is encouraged in the production of red Vinho Verde

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malolactic fermentation

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offically recommended Vinho Verde grape varieties

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amaral, Borracal, Alvaeerelhao, Espadeiro; Padeiro; Pedral; Rabo-de-Anho, Babo de Overlha, Vinhao

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The Douro Valley's boundaries were defined in ____

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1756

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Which valley is primarily known for port?

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Douro Valley

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How much of the Douro Valley's production is released under the Porto DOC?

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about 2/3

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for the most part, the Douro Valley is ________

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rugged, wild and remote

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3 subregions of the Douro Valley

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Baixo Corgo, Cima Corgo, Douro Superior

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3 predominant varieties for white Port

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malvasia and Gouveio

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the same red & white grape varieties used in Port production are used in unfortified wines of the Douro DOC . These are______

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Touriga Franca, Touriga Nacional, & Tinta Roriz

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within the Doro Valley, the DOC for Pot has a unique and complex vineyard ranking system called

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cadastro

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this ranking system (Douro valley) assesses 123 factors including altitude, yield, locality

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cadastro

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volume

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beneficio

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______ was developed during a period when there was high demand for wine in countries that couldn't produce their own (Great Britain and the Netherlands

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Port

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Port is a wine that is _______during the fermentation process

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fortified

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port was first created in the

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1600's

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traditional flat bottomed boats that carry Port

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barcos rabelosPort trade shifted from Oporto to Vila Nova de Gaia

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characteristics of port

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high in alcohol, sweet, & rich in complex flavors and aromas

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Major styles of Port

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Ruby, Reserve, Late-bottled vintage (LBV), Tawny, vintage, Single Quinta, Colheita, White, Rose

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___ Port is simple and aged in large oak casks for 2 yrs

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Ruby Port

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premium ruby Port blend bottled after 4-6 yrs aging in oak vats

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Reserve Port

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wine froma single year, matured in large oak vats for 4-6 yrs; most are filtered before bottling

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LBV - late bottled vintage port

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ruby Port that is aged long enough in oak for the color to oxidize to a golden brown sade, , developing richer, more oxidized flavors along the way

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Tawny Port

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Port made from a single year's harvest ; only produced in the best vintages

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Vintage Port

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Port made from the grapes of a single vineyard & may be vintage or nonvintage

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Single n

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single-vintage tawny Port; must remain in cask for at least 7 yrs

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Colheita

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less common port than red, small amount is produced using Malvasia Fina,Gouveio, Rabiagato,etc. made in both off-dry and sweet styles - often served as apertif

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white port

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Croft introduced this POrt called Croft Pink (originally released in 2008)

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Rose Port

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island located in the Atlantic 400 miles of the coast of Morocco

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Madeira

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"cooking" process of Madeira

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maderization

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unfortified table wines made in Madeira

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Terras Madeirenses (Vinho Regional)

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vineyards in Madeira are irrigated through system of canals called ______

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levadas (a practice that dates to the mid 15th century)

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varieties considered the "noble" grapes of Madeira

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Sercial, Verdelho (Gouveio), Boal, Malvasia (Malmsey)

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most widely planted grape on Madeira island

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Tinta Negra Mole

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dry styles of Madeira

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made with Sercial, Verdelho, Tinta Negra Mole

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sweet styles of Madeira are made from

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Boal, Malvasia, Tinta Negra Mole

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dry styles of Madeira are fortified ____the wine has fermented to dryness

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after

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sweet styles of Madeira are fortified _____fermentation, which halts the process while the wine is still sweet

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during

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2 main ways to recreate sunbaked Madeira conditions

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Canteiro method, estufa method

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method of making Madeira where wine is placed in casks & stored in the rafters of an uncooled warehouse

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The Canteiro method of making Madeira

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method of making Madeira where wine is left in concrete or stainless steel vat & hot water is circulated through a submerged coil

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estufa method

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Madeira wine styles

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Sercial, Verdelho, Boal, Malmsey

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extra dry or dry & highly acidic style of Madeira

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SErcial

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off dry/medium dry Madeira style

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Verdelho

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raisiny & sweet/medium rich style of Madeira

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Boal

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British corruption of Malvasia; style of Madeira that is very sweet/rich, yet balanced by acidity

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Malmsey

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Barrada, Dao, Lisboa, Tejo, Peninsula de Setubal, Alentejano, Algarve, The Azores

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some regions of Portugal

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southernmost region of the mainland

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Algarve region

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region located on a chain of 9 islands about 1000 miles off the west coast of Portugal

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The Azores region