Csuf Hcom 472 Voice Test 2

Front 1

Which lobes of the brain are primarily involved with the production of voice?

Back 1

frontal and temporal

Front 2

What part of the temporal lobe plays an active role in motor planning for voice?

Back 2

the insula medial

Front 3

Speech comprehension is associated with Wernicke's area, which communicates directly with Broca's convolution via the __________, known as __________.

Back 3

the bundle of association fibers, arcuate fasciculus

Front 4

Pyramidal and Extrapyramidal tracts are part of the ___________.

Back 4

CNS

Front 5

The Pyramidal Tract is composed of what?

Back 5

Long axons and white nerve fibers that extend from the cortical neurons (located in the primary motor strip)

Front 6

How does the Pyramidal Tract function?

Back 6

Like a turnpike, permitting transmission of impulses from the cortex)

Front 7

The posterior thalamus is known as the what?

What does it do?

Back 7

Pulvinar body

Receives neural impulses from the auditory tract

Front 8

Degenerative changes in the Substantia Nigra cause a deficiency in a chemical neural transmitter known as what?

Where is it located?

Back 8

dopamine

caudate nucleus and Putamen

Front 9

Disturbed basal ganglia and Extrapyramidal control circuit results in what?

Back 9

A Hypokinetic dysarthria seen in Parkinson's

Front 10

Cranial nerve X, the Vagus, innervates what?

Back 10

The larynx

the superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves

Front 11

Cranial nerves V, VII, VIII...

Back 11

have direct impact on speech but aren't primary in production of voice

Front 12

Cranial nerve V, trigeminal innervates what?

Back 12

Muscles of mastication

Front 13

Cranial Nerve VII, facial innervates what?

Back 13

Facial muscles. Sensory components include taste in the anterior 2/3 of tongue and sensation of soft palate

Front 14

Flaccid dysarthria is caused by what kind of damage?

Back 14

Unilateral or bilateral damage to specific cranial nerves

Damage to CNS or PNS

Front 15

What messed up stuff happens to you when you have flaccid dysarthria

Back 15

Disturbance of muscular control over the speech mechanism

Irregularities in speed, strength, timing and accuracy in respiration, voicing, resonance, articulation, prosody

Front 16

CRICOTHYROID MUSCLE PARALYSIS causes voice to be...(3 things)

Back 16

Breathy b/c vocal folds won't go together.

Less loud.

Difficult to elevate or lower pitch

Front 17

Primary function of CRICOTHYROID

Back 17

Tensing of vocal fold

-Essential for elevation of pitch
-Contributes to vocal fold adduction

Front 18

TRUE OR FALSE:

BILATERAL VOCAL FOLD PARALYSIS is only bilateral

Back 18

FALSE:

Bilateral and ipsolateral

Front 19

BILATERAL VOCAL FOLD PARALYSIS is caused by lesions where?

Back 19

Tumors at the base of the skull, carcinoma or trauma

Front 20

TRUE OR FALSE:

BILATERAL VOCAL FOLD PARALYSIS is bilateral.

Back 20

FALSE

Both bilateral and ipsolateral

Front 21

TRUE OR FALSE

BILATERAL VOCAL FOLD PARALYSIS is both abductory & adductory

Back 21

TRUE

Front 22

Most common form of laryngeal paralysis of UNILATERAL VOCAL FOLD PARALYSIS

Back 22

Disease/trauma to recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) on ONE side

Front 23

TRUE OR FALSE

The right RLN (recurrent laryngeal nerve) is more prone to traumatic or surgical injury than the left RLN

Back 23

FALSE

The LEFT RLN is more prone to traumatic or surgical injury

Front 24

Many fold paralyses have spontaneous recovery within how long postonset?

Back 24

9-12 months

Front 25

Nonbehavioral approaches to UNILATERAL VOCAL FOLD PARALYSIS

Back 25

Teflon No Longer!
Collagen instead
Throplasty I (surgery for medialization of paralyzed fold-using free moving wedge to move paralyzed fold to midline)

Front 26

Symptoms of MYASTHENIA GRAVIS

Back 26

Severe voice fatigue
Breathy
Quiet-say wat?!?

Front 27

MYASTHENIA GRAVIS is an autoimmune disease in which what is impaired as the patient uses that muscle/muscle group?

Back 27

neuromuscular junction

Front 28

Onset of GUILLAIN-BARRE is often expressed in

Back 28

Dysphonia & Dysphagia

Front 29

Focal demylination of spinal and cranial nerves causes what?

Back 29

GUILLAIN-BARRE

Front 30

GUILLAIN-BARRE has no known cause BUT it is often preceded by...

Back 30

viral infection

Front 31

UNILATERAL UPPER MOTOR NEURON DYSARTHRIA (UUMND) is caused by what type of lesion to the CNS involving what?

Back 31

UNILATERAL lesion to CNS involving both PYRAMIDAL & EXTRAPYRAMIDAL TRACTS

Front 32

UNILATERAL UPPER MOTOR NEURON DYSARTHRIA (UUMND) caused by what primarily and what secondarily?

Back 32

Primarily cerebrovascular accident (CVA, a.k.a. STROKE!)

Also could be from tumor or trauma

Front 33

Symptoms of SPASTIC DYSARTHRIA

Back 33

*Think creepy spazzy strangled person

Strained and strangled

Brief in phonation time

Low in pitch

Monopitch

Variable loudness

Front 34

What is pseudobulbar palsy?

Back 34

Voice symptoms characteristic of spastic dysarthria

Front 35

Cause of HYPOKINETIC DYSARTHRIA

Back 35

Depletion of or functional reduction in the effect of DOPAMINE on activities of BASAL GANGLIA

Front 36

PARKINSON'S is also known as what?

Back 36

Prototypical Hypokinetic Dysarthria

Front 37

98% of hypokinetic dysarthrias are what type?

Back 37

Parkinson's type

Front 38

Characteristics of Parkinson's

Back 38

Reduced loudness
Breathy voice
Monotone pitch
Intermittent rapid rushes of speech
Soft production of consonants

Front 39

Unintelligible speech due to rapid movement of articulators is a characteristic of what?

Back 39

Parkinson's

Front 40

HYPERKINETIC DYSARTHRIA caused by...

Back 40

Damage to basal ganglia

OR

Imbalance of neurotransmitters like dopamine or acetylcholine

Front 41

Describe SPASMODIC DYSPHONIA

Back 41

Strangled, harsh voice

Front 42

What causes SPASMODIC DYSPHONIA?

Back 42

Adducted vocal folds

Front 43

How can SPASMODIC DYSPHONIA be treated?

Back 43

Botulium Toxin (BTX) injections

Front 44

TRUE OR FALSE:

SPASMODIC DYSPHONIA can be classified as a form of focal dystonia

Back 44

TRUE

Front 45

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Sectioning (RLN) treats what?

Back 45

Spasmodic Dysphonia

Front 46

ESSENTIAL TREMOR can be classified as what?

Back 46

Hyperkinetic Dysathria of Tremor

Front 47

ESSENTIAL TREMOR is not genetic

Back 47

False