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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Project |
describes the process of planning, designing, documenting for procurement and construction, procuring, contracting and constructing a facility for delivery to its owner. |
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Facility |
is the completed project as a constructed entity intended for a specific purpose and function. |
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Owner Team |
wants or needs a new or renovated facility. |
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The Architect/Engineer (A/E) Team |
provides design services addressing the project requirements and designing the facility wanted or needed. |
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The Contractor Team |
provides construction services and is responsible for the many forces that are necessary to build the designed facility. Uses their management abilities to gather the various labor forces, subs, and everything needed to construct the facility. *selection can be based on reputation, previous business relationship, or special qualifications or experience with the type of project. |
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The Supplier Team |
provides technical and knowledgeable information to the other three teams and furnishes the materials and products required to build the designed facility. |
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Stakeholders |
individuals or organizations that are actively involved in a major portion of the project delivery process and have some type of interest in the project, such as investment, operational, or reputation, which may be positively or negatively affected by the constructed facility. |
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Participants |
individuals or organizations that are active in only a portion of the project delivery process and have indirect interests that are not affected by the constructed facility. |
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Owner Team Functions |
- initiates the project - assumes the risk - provides funding - controls and managed the design and construction process - approved of design and construction activities - is the principal stakeholder |
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Private Owner |
The distinguishing factor of the private sector is that the funding does not include money derived by taxation, and the user is not a public entity, unless a facility is constructed to be leased or purchased by a governing agency. |
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Public Owner |
The distinguishing factor of the public sector is that the funding is derived from some type of taxation. They can also be a governing agency, a department of a public entity, or a centralized agency that initiates and manages the design and construction, such as the General Services Administration of the federal government. |
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Advisers |
Owners frequently require the services of other individuals and business to assist with their role and responsibilities in controlling and managing the design and construction process. Ex: Financial Institutions, Attorneys, Insurance companies, Real estate agents, Appraisers and Marketing companies. |
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Surveyors |
examine and survey the site and documents the existing condition of the land. They also determine and document the ground surface topography and existing natural and constructed improvements that are either above or below ground. |
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Environmental Engineers |
If the land on which the project will rest includes unique geographical assets, engineers might be required to assist the owner in being environmentally sensitive to the assets. |
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Geotechnical Engineers |
examine the soil strata beneath the surface and the subsurface geological formation, and make recommendations for the design of the building foundations. |
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Hazardous Materials and Abatement Consultant |
examines existing buildings for the presence of hazardous materials, such as asbestos, and prepares remediation recommendations and/or documents. |
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Traffic Engineers |
examine traffic usage and patterns over existing freeways, streets, and roads in anticipation of their expansion. They recommend facilities that would accommodate existing and future traffic. |
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Sustainability Consultants |
recommend opportunities for being environmentally sensitive and advise about the sustainability properties of materials and products. If the project is seeking a specific Green Building rating, sustainability consultants assist with evaluations and decision making to achieve the rating. They may participate in construction administration. |
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Wetlands Biologists |
examine existing wetlands in the path of development, identify and evaluate environmentally sensitive areas, and make recommendations for minimizing damage to the wetlands by construction. |
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Wildlife Biologists |
examine existing wildlife that would be affected by development and make recommendations for minimizing its impact. There are some instances when the owner retains |
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Design Engineers *may be retained by owner to to provide services for the A/E and contractor |
Some owners may retain some or all of the engineers and consultants that are traditionally retained as part of the A/E team. |
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Testing and Inspection Agencies *may be retained by owner to to provide services for the A/E and contractor |
For the purpose of ensuring that certain portions of the facility are being constructed according to the project requirements, these agencies provide the owner with quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) by verifying that specific project elements and components comply with the contract documents and code requirements. |
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Commissioning Authority *may be retained by owner to to provide services for the A/E and contractor |
evaluates, tests, and analyzes newly constructed building mechanical and electrical systems, and operational equipment, to determine if they will function according to the project design criteria. |
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Facility Manager |
Staff member or a service company that implements maintenance an operations programs to ensure that the facility continues to function according to its intended purposes during occupancy and use. |
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Authorities Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) |
Like utility service providers, authorities having jurisdiction are also not part of the owner team but the relationship continues after construction. AHJs can include: building code officials, zoning officials, inspectors, and regulatory agencies. They protect the public's health, safety, and welfare by administering laws, codes, and other regulations governing the project. |
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Facility Users |
People for which the facility was designed and constructed to conduct activities in accordance with its intended purpose.
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Utility Service Providers |
The owner arranges and contracts for the various public and regulated private utility providers that will furnish electrical power, natural gas, domestic water, sewage removal, stormwater control, and communications services to the completed facility. |
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Design Team Functions |
- addressing the planning issues, including involving the AHJs - assisting the owner in determining the design program requirements - designing a project that reflects the owners' visions and meets the design program and requirements - identifying codes and regulations applicable to the design - researching, evaluating, and selecting products - producing the procurement and construction documents - administering the construction contract - providing QA procedures and QA reviews |
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Selection of the A/E design services is usually: |
based on qualifications, experience, and/or unique design skills or abilities, and not simply lowest price. |
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Traditional design services typically include the following broadly defined design services that can be used with any of the project delivery methods: |
- originating the design concept - creating the design schematically - developing the design in more detail - preparing the contract and/or construction documentation |
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The design team is usually referred to as the: |
A/E (architect/engineer) The terms architect, engineer, and consultant reflect the education and specialized training, governmental licensure, and sphere of design in which they practice. |
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Construction services typically include the following: |
- cost estimating - time scheduling - contracting - procurement (bidding, negotiationg, purchasing) - management of construction |
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Contractor Team Functions |
- experience in the construction facilities - knowledge of factors that influence cost, time and quality - ability to manage multiple contractors and suppliers - ability to manage complex construction operations and dynamic site activities - ability to manage cash flow and project accounting - skill in bidding and awarding contracts and subcontracts - experience managing a construction budget in a risk-based setting |
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Subcontractor |
an individual or business that provides the labor, materials, and services required for the construction of a specific portion of the work as defined by the contractual relationship with the prime contractor. |
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Principal-in-Charge (PIC) |
typically an owner, principal, or officer of the firm that bears ultimate responsibility for the project and is final decision maker for the firm. |
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Function of the Principal-in-Charge (PIC) |
- is authorized to sign and commit the firm to binding contracts - not involved with day-to-day activities - represents the firm to others - usually is not involved in the details of construction |
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Project Manager (PM) |
- may or may not be an owner or principal of the firm, but is usually an officer - may or may not be authorized to sign and commit the firm to binding contracts - provides general 'middle-altitude' management of the contractor's staff, suppliers, and subs - involved with day-to-day activities - guides the project through the construction portion of the project delivery method |
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The Supplier Team is comprised of: |
- Manufacturer - Distributor - Supplier - Fabricator *a wide variety of companies that are part of the delivery method simply because they will furnish the materials and products for the facility to be constructed. |
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Manufacturer |
produces materials, products and equipment to be incorporated in a project. *part of the supplier team |
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Distributer |
buys, inventories, and resells materials, products, components, assemblies, and equipment to others that can be either fabricated or directly incorporated into the project. *part of the supplier team |
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Supplier |
Furnishes or supplies products or services for the project, but does not perform labor at the site. *part of the supplier team |
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Fabricator |
Assembles in a location other than the project site, of various materials, products, and equipment into a form that can be more efficiently installed or constructed on the project site using fewer installing personnel and taking less time than would be necessary if the original materials and products didn't come that way. *part of the supplier team |
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Life cycle of a facility: |
- Project Conception - Project Delivery - Design - Construction Documents - Procurement (Bidding/Negotiationg/Purchasing) - Construction - Facility Management |
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Design-Bid-Build D-B-B |
a delivery method which is the traditional method for moving a project from conception to completion. In the following order: - Project conception - Design (including schematic/design development) - Construction Documents - Competitive Bidding - Construction |
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Design-Build D-B |
a project delivery method, the owner contracts with a single entity for the complete design and construction of a project. |
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Design-Negotiate-Build D-N-B |
a delivery method, if only one contractor is involved in the developing costs and negotiating a contract to construct a project. *Similar to D-B-B but is a more informal process and may not include specific procurement requirements or specific rules of engagement. |
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Addenda |
written or graphic instruments issued to clarify, revise, add to, or delete information in the original procurement documents or in previous addenda. |
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Advertisement to Bid |
published in public documents such as the local newspaper, it advertises a project is open for interested and qualified bidders to inquire about further information of the requirements to submit bids. |
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Agreement |
written document signed by each party and is the legal instrument in binding the parties to the contract. It defines the relationships and obligations existing between the parties. By reference, it includes all other contract documents, such as the drawings and specifications. |
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Agreement Form |
several organizations have standard agreement forms that are compatible with their respective contract conditions and are tailored to specific types of project delivery and basis of payment. |
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Allowance |
specified monetary sum or a specified qty of work not otherwise defined by the specs and drawings, but which the contractor is required to include in the bid or price. The contractor is asked to submit prices for work items that are undetermined at the time of bidding, but will be determined after the agreement has been executed. |
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Alternate |
a defined portion of work that is priced separately and this provides an option for the owner in determining the final scope of the project. It provides the owner with a choice between different products or it can define the addition or deletion of a potion of the work. |
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Attributes |
characteristic of performance. - requirements - criteria - tests |
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Basis of Payment |
- stipulated (lump) sum - unit price - cost-plus fee - cost-plus fee with gaurunteed max. price (GMP) |
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Bid |
an offer to perform a contract for work and a labor or supply the materials or goods at a specific price. It is a response to a solicitation such as an ITB or AFB. |
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Bid Bond |
to protect the owner from losing the benefit of an accepted bid. Issuance of a __ __ commits the bidder to enter into a contract and, if required, provide performance and payment bonds. It is provided by the bidder at the time of the bid and submitted with the bid. |
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Bid Form |
the bid process requires this __ __ prepared as a document that the bidder will submit to the owner. It contains blank spaces completed by the bidder and a place for the bidders signature to indicate that the bidder agrees to all provisions. |
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Bid Security |
Guarantees that if a bid is accepted within the specified time, the bidder will enter into a formal agreement with the owner (usually 30-90 days from the opening of the bids) and will furnish the required construction performance and payment bonds. It's purpose is to compensate the owner for damages incurred if the selected bidder does not accept the contract award. |
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Procurement (Bidding/Negotiation/Purchasing) |
stage in the facility life cycle that allows the prospective contractor to examine bidding documents, visit the site, request clarifications and interpretations to propose substitutions, and finally, prepare a bid or price for executing the work. *Acceptance of the contractor's bid or negotiated sum will result in an award of contract and commencement of work. |
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Budgets |
The A/E must understand and account for the owners budget requirements and design the project accordingly. The owner must also be aware of the limitations that the project budget places on design. |
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Design and budget are ultimately tested when: |
the project is priced during the procurement stage. Regardless of the delivery method, the owner and A/E must have a common understanding of how the budget will affect the design. |
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Change Orders |
a written instruction to the contractor issued after the execution of the agreement. It authorizes an addition, deletion, or revision to the project in consideration of an adjustment in the contract sum, contract time, or both. |
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Claim |
used in reference for insurance, it may be in demand by an individual or corporation to recover, under a policy of insurance, for loss that may come with the policy. *There are two sources, by contractor or by owner. |
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Claims by Contractor |
a contractor prepares pricing based on procurement documents and other factors that are reasonably foreseeable at the time. If, during the course of the project, the contractors encounters conditions contrary to those stipulated or inferred in the contract documents, a __ may be initiated. |
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Claims by Owner |
when the owner believes the value of work received is not commensurate with the contract price, or the owner's costs are increased because of actions or inactions by the contractor, the owner may initiate a __. |
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Closeout Meetings |
used to review the requirements for the completion of the contract and to obtain submittal of the necessary final documents. Separate meetings may be required for the substantial completion, final completion, and warranty reviews. |
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Basic line of communicated as described in the AIA/EJCDC: |
- Between the owner/contractor through A/E - to design consultants through A/E - to subs/suppliers through Contractor - to separate contractors through the owner, construction manager, or coordinating contractor |
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Competitive Bidding |
most effective method of determining the least cost for constructing the work that is described and defined by the bidding documents. *the object is to ensure that the cost of the project is reasonable and consistent with prevailing conditions of the construction industry. |
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Construction |
stage in the facility life cycle where owner's project is constructed. It involves: cost estimating, procurement, coordination of construction activities, and the physical construction. *a large amount of construction is preformed by specialists in different trades. These specialists are employed by the contractor as subcontractors. |
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Construction Drawings |
consist of contract and resource drawings. |
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Contract Drawings |
drawings that describe the work of the project. They are legally enforceable, and depending on requirements of a project may include drawings that show the following: - deconstruction/demolition - alterations of existing construction to be modified - new construction |
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Resource Drawings |
drawings that show existing conditions, or new construction related to the work, but are not included in the contract. |
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Construction Documents |
written and graphic documents prepared or assembled by A/E from owner-approved design development documents for communicating the project design for construction and administering the contract. Two major types are: procurement documents and contract documents. |
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A/E Functions Construction Stage |
- represent the owner - certify/recommend payments - interpret contract documents - review submittals - observe the work - perform inspections |
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Contract Documents |
- contracting forms - project forms - conditions of the contract - revisions - clarifications - modifications - specifications - contract drawings |
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Division 01: General Requirements |
specify administrative requirements, procedural requirements, temporary facilities and controls, performance requirements, and life cycle activities. |
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Elevations |
show project materials and components in their vertical relationship, viewed perpendicularly from a selected vertical plane, generally retaining their true scale, shape, and proportion. |
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Four C's of Communicated |
CLEAR CONCISE CORRECT COMPLETE |
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Imperative Mood |
the recommended method for instructions covering the installation of products and equipment. |
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Indemnify |
to restore in whole or part the victim of a loss by payment, repair, or replacement. |
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Hold-Harmless Agreement |
a contract under which legal liability of one party for damages is assumed by the other party. |
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Isometric |
type of drawing that shows horizontal and vertical surfaces not in perspective but equally foreshortened in all three dimensions. |
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Multiple-Prime Contract |
common form of construction involving multiple contracts. The work is divided among several contractors and each enters into a separate contract with the owner. |
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Outline Specifications |
*the 'draft' of specifications. These document aid in the design process and are the basis for revising cost estimates, schedules and value analysis studies. |
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Owner-Build O-B |
a project delivery method, the owner us involved in aspects of contracting for every portion of a construction project. Because the owner can act similar to a contractor, the construction contracts are between the owner and specialty contractors (subs). |
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Part 1 GENERAL |
describes administrative, procedural, and temporary requirements unique to the section. It's an extensions of subjects covered in Div 1 and amplifies information unique to the section. |
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Part 2 PRODUCTS |
describes materials, products, equipment, fabrications, mixes, systems and assemblies that are required for incorporation into the project. Materials and products are included with the quality required. |
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Part 3 EXECUTION |
describes field/site installation or application, including preparatory actions and post-installation cleaning and protection. Field/site assemblies and field/site manufactured products and systems are included. |
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Payment Bonds |
sometimes referred to as the labor and materials payment bond, guarantees the subcontractors, material suppliers, and others providing labor, material and equipment to the project will be paid. |
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Procurement Requirements |
instructs the bidders or proposers about the established procedures for preparing and submitting their bids or proposals. Include the following documents: - solicitation - instructions for procurement - available information - procurement forms, supplements - addenda |
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Project Delivery Methods |
D-B-B D-N-B D-B Construction Management O-B |
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Record Drawings |
marked up or corrected documents assembled by the contractor. |
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Resource Drawings |
drawings furnished during the procurement stage that generally show existing conditions such as roads, buildings and current construction circumstances. |
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Schematic Drawings |
drawings that show: aesthetics, size, shape, volume, special relationships, functional characteristics, code and life saftey requirements, materials, major building systems. Ex: Site Plan, Floor Plan, Renderings, Scaled Models. |
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Sections |
drawings that are cut vertically through and perpendicular to project materials and components and show their detailed arrangement. Ex: Wall Section, Site Section, Building Section. |
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Shop Drawings |
drawings that are prepared by manufacturers, suppliers, subcontractors, and contractors to illustrate a portion of the work. |
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Singe Prime Contract |
common form of construction contracting involves a single contract. The selected contractor and the owner enter into an agreement formalizing their relations and their obligations. The contractor then constructs the project in accordance with the contract documents. Typically the contractor will have a portion or perhaps the majority of the work preformed by the subcontractors. |
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Stipulated (Lump) Sum |
an agreed amount for a defined extent of work based upon complete or partially complete construction documents. This is the simplest method of stating the basis of payment wherein a single amount is agreed upon for completion of entire contract. |
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Stopping the Work |
standard general conditions do not give A/E authority to order the contractor to stop work. The conditions of the contract describe the conditions under which the contractor can stop work or terminate the contract and the procedures the contractor must follow when doing so. |
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Substantial Completion |
the point at which the project is sufficiently complete for the owner to occupy or utilize the facility for its intended use. The date is est. by the A/E and documented by the issuance of a certificate. Owner assumes the responsibility of: - routine maintenance - utilities - security - property insurance - liability |
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Unit Price |
payment is made at a stipulated sum multiplied by the quantity completed. Unit prices are used in cases where the exact extent or quantity of work cannot be calculated accurately or otherwise determined in advance of actually performing the work. |
