Csi: Exam 1

Front 1

Clubbing

Back 1

angle between the nail plate and the prox nail fold should be approximately 160°. If the angle approaches or exceeds 180° and the distal finger appears thickened and enlarged, then clubbing is present.
-assoc. with respiratory and cardiovascular disease.

Front 2

Lindsay's nails

Back 2

Proximal half white, distal half pink.
-assoc. with renal disease.

Front 3

Terry nails

Back 3

White except for a narrow zone at the distal tip.
-assoc. with cirrhosis and hypoalbuminemia.

Front 4

Mee's lines

Back 4

Transeverse white lines across the nail
-assoc. w/ acte illness or heavy metal poisoning

Front 5

Beau's lines

Back 5

Transverse depression where stress or illness temporarily interrupts nail growth

Front 6

Nail pitting

Back 6

psoriasis

Front 7

Tic habit

Back 7

sharp horizontal grooves extend to the tip of the nail

Front 8

Spoon nail (koilonychia)

Back 8

central depression of nail w/ lateral elevation of the nail plate producing spon-like appearance.
-assoc. w/ iron deficiency anemia, syphilis, hypothyroidism

Front 9

Tinea unguium

Back 9

dermatophyte fungal infection

Front 10

Black or dark pigmented bands in nail

Back 10

-A single black nail that suddenly appears and is painless, must consider MELANOMA (very abnormal in caucasians
-If associated with trauma history and pain, consider subungal hematoma
-Painless green-black discoloration, consider Pseudomonas infection.
-

Front 11

primary lesions

Back 11

arise from normal skin

Front 12

macule

Back 12

flat; circumscribed area of change <1cm
-freckles

Front 13

patch

Back 13

flat; circumscribed area of change >1cm
-vitiligo, cafe au lait

Front 14

papule

Back 14

raised, firmed; <1cm
-warts

Front 15

nodule

Back 15

raised, firm; 1-2cm
-lipoma

Front 16

tumor

Back 16

raised, firm; >2cm

Front 17

plaque

Back 17

raised, firm w/ flat topped surface; >1cm
-large area/height ratio
-psoriasis

Front 18

wheal

Back 18

raised, solid, transient, irregular-shaped area of cutaneous edema with variable diameter
-mesquito bite

Front 19

vesicle

Back 19

raised, circumscribed, superficial, filled with serous fluid; <1cm
-chickenpox

Front 20

bulla

Back 20

Vesicle >1cm diameter, superficial
-blister

Front 21

pustule

Back 21

raised, superficial, filled with purulent fluid; <1cm
-zit

Front 22

cyst

Back 22

raised, circumscribed, well-encapsulated in dermis or subcutaneous layer, filled with liquid or semi- solid material

Front 23

abscess

Back 23

accumulation of purulent material in the dermis or subcutaneous layer surrounded by inflamed tissues

Front 24

comedo

Back 24

A plug of sebum and keratin in the opening of a hair follicle
-Blackhead- comedo with a dilated follicle opening
-Whitehead- comedo with a closed follicle opening

Front 25

furuncle

Back 25

Acute localized staphylococcal infection. Starts as perifollicular abscess which spreads to surrounding tissue producing a pustule with surrounding inflammation.

Front 26

carbuncle

Back 26

a coalescence of several furuncles

Front 27

secondary lesion

Back 27

generally arise from primary lesions

Front 28

erosion

Back 28

loss of epidermis; depressed, moist, glistening; caused by rupture of vesicle or bulla

Front 29

ulcer

Back 29

Loss of epidermis and dermis; concave shape

Front 30

fissure

Back 30

A linear crack from epidermis to the dermis
-athlete's foot

Front 31

excoriation

Back 31

trauma causes loss of epidermis; linear, hollowed out area
-abrasion or scratch

Front 32

scaling

Back 32

Shedding of S.corneum leaves layers of keratinized cells; flaky skin, irregular borders, thick or thin, dry or oily

Front 33

crusting

Back 33

Dried serum, pus, or blood on the skin; slightly elevated; size and color vary
-scab on abrasion

Front 34

lichenification

Back 34

thickening and roughening of epidermis secondary to rubbing itching or skin irritation

Front 35

scaring

Back 35

replacement of normal tissue with fibrous connective tissue following injury to the dermis

Front 36

keloid

Back 36

Irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging, hypertrophied scar that grows beyond the boundaries of the wound

Front 37

sclerosis

Back 37

Diffuse or circumscribed hardening of the skin

Front 38

atrophy

Back 38

Thinning of the epidermis and loss of skin markings; skin may appear translucent and paper-like

Front 39

dscoid

Back 39

disc shaped without central clearing

Front 40

annular

Back 40

ring shaped; round active margins with central clearing
-Erythematous border surrounding a cleared area of lighter skin- associated with Tinea (fungus)

Front 41

arcuate

Back 41

partial rings

Front 42

reticulated

Back 42

lace like

Front 43

serpiginous

Back 43

snake like

Front 44

iris

Back 44

circle within a circle

Front 45

erythema

Back 45

blanchable; pink or red discoloration due to dilated blood vessels

Front 46

spider hemangioma

Back 46

blanchable; red central body with radiating spiderlike legs; arterial origin. Caused by liver disease, vitamin B deficiency, or idiopathic.

Front 47

telangiectasia

Back 47

blanchable; fine, irregular red lines due to dilation of venules. When blanched refill erratically

Front 48

capillary hemangioma (nervus flammeus)

Back 48

blanchable; red, irregular, macular or patches caused by dilation of dermal capillaries.

Front 49

petechiae

Back 49

non-blanchable; red-purple, <0.5cm
-intravascular defects

Front 50

purpura

Back 50

non-blanchable; red-purple >0.5cm
-intravascular defects

Front 51

ecchymosis (bruise)

Back 51

non-blanchable; red-purple lesion of various size due to vascular destruction or vasculitis

Front 52

venous stars

Back 52

non-blanchable; bluish spider, linear or irregularly shaped
-increasesed pressure in superficial veins

Front 53

dysplastic moles

Back 53

-color mixture
-irregular borders
-scaly or pebbly appearance
->6mm

Front 54

ABCDE rule

Back 54

Melanoma Dx criteria:
-asymmetry
-borders irregular
-color not uniform
-diameter >6mm
-evolves over time