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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Major structures of ventricular system
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Lateral Ventricle
3rd and 4th Ventricles Cerebral Aqueduct |
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Lateral Ventricles
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C-shaped with short tail in each hemisphere
Drains into 3rd Ventrical then via interventricular foramina (of Monro) Contains: A body, and Ant. Post. and Inf. Horns |
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3rd Ventricle
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Narrow, vertically-oriented
Connected to lateral ventricalls rostrally and cerebral aqueduct caudally. Bounded by dorsal thalamus and hypothalamus Drains into the cerebral aqueduct |
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Cerebral aqueduct
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1.5mm diameter canal connecting 3rd/4th ventricles
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4th Ventricle
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Pyramid-shaped space
Dorsally extends into cerebellum. Caudally continues into cerebral spinal cord (central canal) 3 Openings into subarachnoid space surrounding the brain: 1 and 2) Foramina of Luschka (2 openings) 3) Formamen of Madendie |
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CSF composition
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More Na, Cl, Mg
Less Glucose, Ca, K |
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CSF circulation
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Lateral ventricles -> Foramina of Monro ->
Third Ventricle -> Cerebral aqueduct -> Fourth Ventricle -> Lateral foramina of Luschka (2) and Median foramina of Magendie -> Cisterna Magna = Cerebellomedullary cistern Then travels in subarachnoid space into the venous sinuses through the arachnoid villi. |
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Choroid plexus
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Makes CSF in Ventricular System
(minus the cerebral aqueduct) Modified ependymal cells |
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Meninges
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Mostly fibroblasts and CT
3 Layers: DAP Protect underlying CNS Support framework for a/v/n Enclose the subarachnoid space (filled with CSF) |
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Dura infolding
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Falx cerebri
Tentorium cerebelli -separate brain compartments -also form the venous sinuses |
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Tentorium cerebelli
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Splits cerebellum from cerebrum
-separates infra and supra- tentorial compartments. Occipital above, cerebellar below. Midbrain passes through the tentorial notch |
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Arachnoid mater 2 layers
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Barrier (closest to dura)
Spindly cell layer (form subarachnoid space containing CSF) |
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Supertentorial hernias
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most common is UNCAL
-rapidly expanding lesion (usually a hematoma) forces uncus to push on midbrain Effects: 1) Dec in consciousness 2) Pupil dilation 3) One-sided paralysis :contralateral hemiplegia |
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Infratentorial compartments
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Most common: TONSILLAR
-cerebellar tumor pushes TONSIL into FORAMEN MAGNUM and compress the MEDULLA: -Dec in cardio/resp -> coma |
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Epideral hemmorhage
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Btwn skull and dura
With or w/o skull fracture Usually one area in MRI |
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Subdural hematoma
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Bleeding into meninges btwn arachnoid and dura
Long and thin in MRI: circumscribes the brain around skull |
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Subarachnoid hematoma
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Messy MRI
BLOOD cells in CSF! |
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CoW
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Ant communicating (connects ant cerebral a's)
Ant Cerebral a (off Int Car) Post Cerebral a (off Basilar) Int carotid |
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Ant Watershed
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Btwn regions supplied by
ACA and MCA (Ant and Mid Cerebral a's) |
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Post Watershed
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btwn region shupplied by
Middle Cerebral a. (off Int Car) Post Cerebral a. (off basilar) |
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Deep cerebral veins
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Internal cerebral veins [drain into the:]
Great cerebral v. of Galen [which drains into the inferior sag sinus] |
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Cavernous Sinus
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drains into sup. and inf.
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Celiac Ganglion
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Stomach/Duodenum - Dec peristalsis
Liver/Gall/Pancreas - Inc glucose availability |
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Sup Mesenteric Ganglion
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Intesting/Colon - dec peristalsis
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Post-synaptic ganglions of PREVERTEBRAL Sympathetic NS
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Celiac
Sup Mesenteric Inf Mesenteric Aorticorenal |
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Aorticorenal Ganglion
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Kidney - Vasoconstriction
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Inf Mesenteric Ganglion
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Lower colon - inc continence
Bladder - inc continence Reproductive - Ejaculation/Emission |
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Edinger-Westphal (midbrain)
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CN 3 -> Ciliary Ganglion
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Superior Salivatory Nucleus (pons)
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CN 7 -> Pterygoplatatine and submandibular ganglion
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Inferio Salivatory nucleus (meduall)
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CN 9 -> Otic ganglion
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Dorsal motor vagal nucleus
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CN X -> Heart and vessels, lungs, liver, stomach, pancreas, spleed, upper GI
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