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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what are the three layers of the blood vessels
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intima
media externa |
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What do you find in the intima
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endothelium
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what do you find in the media
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SM cells
elastic fenestrated |
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describe the externa
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outer layer of loose CT
support and provision of sm blood vessels and nerves |
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the _____ _____ is contains vasvasorum
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tunica externa
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aorta, pul trunk, pulm artery, brachicephalic, common carotid, subclaivian, an common iliac are all
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elastic arteries
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how can you distinguish elastic arteries
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abundant elastic alminae in tunica media
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what is the difference between muscular arteries and elastic artieries
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ability to control lumen diameter and control blood flow rates
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arteries have 5+ layers of ____ in the _____ _____
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SM in the tunica media
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how many layers of SM in the tunica media do arterioles have?
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1 to 4
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where do you find internal elastic lamina? external?
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internal is between intima and media
external is between media and adventitia |
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what is the main detemrinant of bp
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total peripheral resistance to blood flow
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HTN depends on constriction of the tunica _______ of _______
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HTN depends on the constriction of the media of arterioles
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what regulates vasoconstriction
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sympathetic vasoconstrictors
nerve fibers NE vasopressin angiotensin II |
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what regulates vasodilation
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vasodilator nerves
epi ANF |
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what is the funciton of the tunica adventitia
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support and provision of small blood vessels and nerves
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depending on the size of the vessel, the tunica meia has varying amounts of elastic membranes and type _____ collagen
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III
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why do you need elastic arteries near the heart
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so that during systole, the elastic sheets stretch to accommodate the large volume of blood leaving the ventricles
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true or false. In resting tissue, only a small fraction of the available capillaries are open at any given time
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TRUE!
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what does peripheral resistancew dpend on
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degree of contriction of the tunica media
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what can lead to thickening of the tunica intima and gradual obstuction of the essel lumen
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endothelial injury
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when ednothelium is damaged what enters the tunica intima
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monocytes and LDL cholesterol
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In addition to monocyte and LDL cholesterol, _______ ______ _____ can migrate into the intima to contribute to the atherosclerotic plaque
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smooth muscle cells
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secretion of _____ and _____ ____ promotes the growth of the plaque by stimulating proliferation of SM cells and macrophages
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cytokines and growth factors
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In the kidneys, lungs, and livers, the capillary beds are very elaborately branched... why/?
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high metabolic activties
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where do you find continuous capillaries and why?
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BBB
tight control via tight junctions and transcytosis |
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where do you find fenestrated capillaries and why?
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intestinal vili, kidneys, choroid plexus, liver, endocrine glands
present where free exchange is desirable with tight junctions and fenestrae |
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where do you find discontinuous capillaries and why
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sinusoids--> liver, spleen, bone marrow
where minimal control is necessary and slowed blood allows macrophages to remove debris and worn out RBCS |
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lymphatic capillaries are similar to what kind of blood capillaries
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discontuous
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what is the primary funciton of the lympathic system
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to return lymphocytes and proteins to the blood
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what are five ways to cross endothelia
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diffusion
vesicular transport fenestrae paracellular pathway endothelial discontinuities |
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how do lipid insoluble items get across endothelia
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pinocytosis
transcytosis |
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during immune reaction, mast cell secrete histamine which causes the _____ junctions of _____ and _______ to become more permeable
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tight junctions
venules capillaries |
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if it is traveling with an arteriole, call it a
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venule
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True or false. When a lot of connective tissue is present, lots of exchange occurs
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false! no exchange occurs
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The thickest layer in the wall of a vein is the
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tunica adventitia
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after blood has flowed through the capillary bed is the pressure low or high?
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low-- that's why you need valves
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T or F. Only veins have valves
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TRUE!
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What are AVAs?
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convey blood directly from arterial system to the venos system by bypassing the capillary bed
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what happens when you open a shunt
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you decrease flow to capillaries
you decrease heat loss and conserve heat |
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________ is the development of a new blood vessel from an ______ _______
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angiogenesis
existing vessel! |
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new vessels always originate as ____ from small venules or other capillaries
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capillaries
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______ ________ is when blood vessels anastomose with other vessels of the same dimension allowing for multiples routes for some part of the body
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collateral circulation
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why do you care about collateral circulation
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clamping during surgery
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def. cross connection between blood vessels
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anastomosis
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what stimulates the kidenys to excrete salt and water. also relaxes vascular smooth muscle to reduce blood pressure
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ANF
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what do you call a lymphatic capillary found in the center of the intestinal villi
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lacteal
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def. a t tubules and associated SR at the Z line in cardiac muscle
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diad
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def. a protein structures that can be opened and closed to regulate the passage of substances through the perforations of a fenestrated capillary
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diaphragm
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def. a structure comprised of actin filament insertion on the PM of a cardiac myocyte at intercalated disks
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fascia adherens
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def. a structure composed of spot desmosomes and fascia adherens that hold cardicac myocytes together
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intercalated disk
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what holds cardiac myocytes together
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intercalated disk = spot desmosomes and fascia adherens
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def. small blood vessels in the tunica adventitia that supply the tunica media of large blood vessels
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vasa vasorum
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what is a major difference between vein and venule
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venules lack tunica adventitia
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is a venule larger or smaller than a capillary
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venules are larger than capillaries
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