Csf And Ventricles

Front 1

where is CSF secreted from?

Back 1

the brain ventricles

Front 2

what are the functions and effects of CSF?

Back 2

buoyancy of brain, physical support of brain, transfer of neuromodulators, acts as lymphatic system for drainage of fluid in CNS

Front 3

1. interventricular foramen (of monroe)
2. anterior horn
3. body
4. trigone
5. posterior horn
6. cerebral aqueduct
7. 4th ventricle
8. median aperture
9. lateral aperture
10. inferior horn
11. 3rd ventricle

Back 3

label the parts of the ventricles?

Front 4

what ventricles and associated parts are bilateral?

Back 4

the lateral ventricles and lateral apertures

Front 5

ventricles are lined with what kind of cells? what is special about the area superficial to the cell layer?

Back 5

simple cuboidal layer called ependymal cells and neural stem cells maybe in the subependymal region in adult brains.

Front 6

what cells produce CSF and where are they located in the ventricles?

Back 6

the choroid plexus produces them. They are located on the superior aspect of the 3rd ventricle, the interventricular foramen to the posterior body of the lateral ventricles around the anterior trigone to the superior aspect (called the glomus which is often calcified in adults) of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricles. A seperate area is on the posterior wall of the 4th ventricle down the median aperture

Front 7

what arteries supply the choroid plexus?

Back 7

the anterior and posterior choriodal arteries supply the choroid cells in the lateral and 3rd ventricles while the anterior and posterior inferior cerebellar arteries supply the choroid cells i nthe 4th ventricle area.

Front 8

what is the flow of CSF?

Back 8

the choroid cells on the choroid villi get blood and secrete CSF in the ventricles which goes into subarachnoid space from 3rd and 4th ventricles. It circulates around spinal cord and brain and then the arachnoid villi drain it into the superior sagittal sinus.

Front 9

how are the villi of the choroid plexus formed?

Back 9

a choroid capillary covered in pia mater protrudes forming the villi

Front 10

ependymal cells become these on the tips of choroid villi and what is their function?

Back 10

epithelium cells which secrete CSF

Front 11

what flows in a choroid capillary?

Back 11

CSF

Front 12

1. optic
2. infundibular
3. pineal
4. lateral

Back 12

label the ventricular recesses

Front 13

1. prepontine
2. chiasmatic
3. cistern of lamina terminalis
4. superior
5. cisterna magna

Back 13

label the cisterns of the brain

Front 14

what do cisterns contain?

Back 14

CSF

Front 15

the lumbar cistern is found on what vertebral levels?

Back 15

between L2 and S2

Front 16

conus medularis ends at what vertebral body?

Back 16

L2

Front 17

what is defined by enlargement of the lateral ventricles with increased intracranial pressure?

Back 17

hydrocephalus

Front 18

what is a common site of blockage in obstructive hydrocephalus (non communicating)?

Back 18

cerebral aqueduct

Front 19

why do babies with hydrocephalus have huge heads? what can be done to treat them?

Back 19

the skull has not fused, so CSF leaks... Can put shunt in right hemisphere that drains to abdomen.

Front 20

what can be the causes of communicating hydrocephalus?

Back 20

subarachnoid obstruction (block the arachnoid villi) via bacterial meningitis, blood clots from subarachnoid hemorrhage, or protein in CSF (Guillain barre can do this).

Front 21

This condition is characterized by dementia and parkinson's like symptoms in the elderly along with increased intracranial pressure, enlarging the ventricles. Pressure eventually returns to normal and the etiology is unknown.

Back 21

normal pressure hydrocephalus

Front 22

this condition is characterized by increased CSF pressure with headache, etc. Usually effects young obese females, pregnancy, estrogen or cortisone treatment, adrenal and parathyroid abnormalities, drugs (tetracycline).

Back 22

pseudotumor cerebri

Front 23

where are good spots for lumbar puncture?

Back 23

between L3 and L4 or between L4 and L5

Front 24

what is the composition of the CSF?

Back 24

clear, colorless, little protein, 1-5 WBC's per ml, increased Na and Cl compared to plasma, and decreased K and glucose compared to plasma

Front 25

what is the composition of CSF in diseased state (bacterial meningitis, viral meningitis, multiple sclerosis)?

Back 25

1000-10000 neutrophil count, decreased glucose, increased protein, 200 plus lymphocytes per ml, IgG, increased oligoclonal bands, and myelin basic protein

Front 26

how must materials from blood travel to the CSF compartment and why?

Back 26

through receptor mediated transport because the choroid epithelial cells that surround the capillary have tight junctions and will not allow blood to pass into the CSF.

Front 27

Where can brain and CSF exchange fluid?

Back 27

Between the ependymal cells that do not have the tight junctions

Front 28

describe the blood brain barrier

Back 28

it is a non fenestrated endothelium with tight junctions and selective transporters. Most large molecules cannot pass through

Front 29

what is the role of the astrocytes? what is NOT the role of astrocytes?

Back 29

they may induce the endothelium to form tight junctions and prevent cellular invasion to the CNS, but they are not a barrier to transport of any molecule

Front 30

what kind of transport can fenestrated peripheral capilaries do that CNS caps cannot? what can they both do?

Back 30

CNS cannot do pinocytosis, but they both can have lipid soluble transport (EtOH!!)

Front 31

what areas of the brain do not have blood brain barrier, thus they respond to levels of metabolites in the blood?

Back 31

choroid plexus, pineal gland, neurohypophysis, area postrema (responds to toxins in blood and triggers vomitting)