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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Principles of Composition |
A well written composition will follow the outline:
Intro Paragraph, Body Paragraphs, Concluding Paragraphs and Transitional Phrases. |
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Introductory Paragraph |
-Opening paragraph -Should get reader's attention -State thesis |
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Body Paragraph |
Will expand, analyze and support the main argument. |
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Concluding Paragraph |
-Final paragraph -Should restate thesis. -Summarize the main ponts. -Offer a conclusion, solution, or call to action. |
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Transitional Phrases |
Words and phrases signal transitions that hold all these paragraphs together.
They can be introduced by simple conjuctions such as "and, but, nor, or, for, yet".
Or more complex adverbs such as "furthermore, consequently, however, moreover, nevertheless and meanwhile"
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Sentence Structure |
Four main types of sentence structure. -Simple -Compound -Complex -Compound-Complex |
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Simple Sentences |
Contain a single independent clause and no dependent clauses.
Ex: The movie was delightful. |
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Compund Sentences |
Contain two or more independent clauses but no dependent clauses. The clauses are joined by a conjuction, semicolon, a conjuctive adverb, such as "for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so"
Ex: Mary wanted to go to the cinema but John insisted on staying home. |
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FANBOYS |
To memorize conjuctions remember their first letters spell FANBOYS
"for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so" |
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Complex Sentences |
Contain one independent clause, expressing the more important idea, and one dependent clause, stating the subordinate idea.
Ex: Susan wore the necklace (IC) that John had given her (DC). |
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Compound-Complex sentences |
contain several independent clauses and at least one dependent clause
Ex: Doris drove to work (IC), but Don, who did not have a car (DC), took the bus (IC). |
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Spelling |
Like language, spelling competency develops in stages. |
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Five stages of Spelling |
1) Emergent 2) Letter name/alphabetic 3) Within-word patterns 4) Syllables and affixes 5) Derivational relations |
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Emergent Stage |
Children ages 1 to 7 acquire phonemic awareness and learn the alphabet. |
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Letter name/alphabetic Stage |
Between ages 4 and 10 Children learn the connection between letters and sounds. Begin to include vowels in their words and learn to blend basic words. |
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Within-word patterns stage |
Between ages 6 and 12 Learn long vowels. Consonant patterns, diphthongs, homographs and homophones |
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Syllables and affixes stage |
Between ages 8 and 18 They understand polysyllabic words, double consonants, word roots, prefixes and suffixes |
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Derivational relations |
After age 10 Grasp the connection between spelling and meaning. They understand word origins, consonant and vowel changes. |
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Capitalization |
Basic rules include capitalizing proper nouns, the first word in a sentence and official titles that precede a name. |
