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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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origin of first Americans
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- Asia
- land bridge between Siberia and Alaska (theory) - motivation for travel was hunting (mammoths) |
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hunting -> farming
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- 5000 to 7000 years ago
- glaciers melted, many animals disappeared - Native Americans began to farm (corn was most important crop) |
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Iroquois
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- New York state
- League of Five Nations (Mohawk, Oneida, Seneca, Onondaga, Cayuga, Tuscarora tribes) - fur trading very important |
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Iroquois alliances
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- 1640: war w/ French, enlisted aid of English colonies
- 1701: settled disputes (retained rights to fur trade, but no more conflict) - 1784: U.S. disbanded League of Five Nations after some tribes sided with British during American Revolution |
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Cherokee
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- Georgia and Tennessee
- homes from twigs, branches, mud - farmers |
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Cherokee alliances
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- aided British (against French and against colonies during American Revolution)
- 1820s: signed treaties with U.S. (adopted democratic-style internal govt) - sided with Confederacy during Civil War (internal govt was dissolved after) |
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Trail of Tears
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- exodus of Cherokee from Georgia/Tennessee to Oklahoma and subsequent deaths during travel
- Cherokee were forced out after gold was discovered on their lands - 1835: Cherokee lands were put up for sale |
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Hopewell Culture
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- midwest
- Mound Builder culture (built pyramid-shaped mounds) - 200 B.C. to 400 A.D., followed by Mississippian Culture |
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Mississippian Culture
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- midwest
- mound builder culture (built pyramid-shaped mounds, ex. Cahoka City in St. Louis, MO) - emerged in 750s, preceded by Hopewell Culture |
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Pueblo people
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- lived in cliffs of northwestern New Mexico and northeastern Arizona
- art: baskets and pottery - resisted Spanish occupation and drove Spanish missions from their territory in 1680 |
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Plains Indians
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- east of Rocky Mountains (central U.S.)
- hunted bison as main food source - what we think of as a stereotypical Native American in a "Cowboy and Indian" story |
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Blackfoot
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- plains of central U.S.
- nomadic bison hunters - get name from ash used to stain moccasins |
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Mandan
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- plains of central U.S., specifically Plains of Missouri
- farmers that built large circular sod homes - hunted twice a year |
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Northwest Native Americans (along coast) - Makah, Chinook, etc.
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- permanent housing made of cedar
- main food source was from oceans and rivers - dugout canoes |
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Northwest Native Americans (in mountains)
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- more nomadic than coastal peoples in Northwest
- summer: coast, portable shelters - winter: mountains, large underground shelters |
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Northern Modoc
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- California, northern intermountain region
- hunter-gatherers, lived in brush and reed huts, expert weavers (cradles, mats, baskets etc.) - Modoc War of 1872: clash with Europeans |
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Central Nisenan
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- California, central valley around Sacramento
- hunter-gatherers, some near rivers (dome-shaped homes, developed canoes), some near hills - many killed and driven from lands during Gold Rush |
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Southern Diegueno
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- California, southern around San Diego
- hunter-gatherers - friendly at first to Spanish (the Jesuit priest Father Junipero Serra), but later burned down mission |
