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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Phoenicians 2900 BC- 600 AD |
maritime culture to dominate Mediterranean trade, (gained a lot of wealth through trade) glass and purple dye was most exported developed an alphabet (22 consonants) |
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Assyria 2000-600 BC |
Warlike people (conquered by terror and intimidation) built highway systems, library and postal systems |
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The New Babylon 700-500 BC |
The Chaldeans (came from South Babylon) conquered Mesopotamia, Syria and Palestine to make the new Babylonian Empire. Created the Hanging Gardens of Babylon |
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Bureaucracy |
a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives different problems= different bureaus |
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The Persian Empire |
One of the world's greatest empires Persians attempted to conquer the entire near East practiced Zoroastrianism |
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Zoroastrianism |
a monotheistic pre-Islamic religion of ancient Persia founded by Zoroaster ethics based religion |
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On Map including Greece |
Land of Alexander the Great |
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No Greece (conquered) |
Persian Empire |
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Egypt 3100- 500 BC |
arose around the fertile Nile Valley (Nile River)--allowed for trade through Mediterranean Geographically isolated with borders Surrounded by Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, Nile River and Sahara Desert predictable annual floods=allowed time to plan math advances, medicine and hieroglyphics |
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Kush 2000 BC-300 AD |
South of Egypt, conquered by Egypt and incorporated into Egypt important for cultural exchange from Mediterranean, Near East and Africa later won independence from Egypt and developed their own unique culture |
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China |
periods of unity=dynasty ruled by certain families invaders of China were typically assimilated |
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Shang Dynasty or Yin Dynasty |
first dynasty of China |
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Chou Dynasty |
came from West, allowed East states to stay independent also established legalism completion of the Great Wall of China: barrier to isolate the country |
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legalism |
responsibility to the country to follow laws |
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Han Dynasty |
great prosperity active land based trade routes to Europe politics influenced by Confucianism Buddhism arises from India |
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Confucianism |
a system of philosophical and ethical teachings founded by Confucius and developed by Mencius. |
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Sui Dynasty |
Grand Canal is built and can ship and supply the North with farming supplies from the South |
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Tang Dynasty |
Art and culture flourished Chinese schools of Buddhism arise |
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Sung Dynasty |
early ripening of rice= grow more food (100 mil. people live there) invention of gunpowder, compass and movable type press for printing |
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Silk Road |
land trade routes connecting Chinese silk industry with Western world Silk increased in value Connected Asia with the Mediterranean |
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Chinese Religions |
Buddhism Taoism Confucianism |
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Buddhism |
middle path and release of all cares to find Nirvana Nirvana: state of bliss Live a simple life, avoid excess of anything Created by Prince Siddhartha Gotma finally receive enlightenment when you release all cares and achieve Nirvana |
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Taoism |
emphasized the natural ways of living and connectedness to the universe Be connected to Earth |
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Confucianism |
importance of roles in society legalism (following rules in society to avoid punishment) largely formed foundation of Chines culture and politics Golden rule |
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Greece |
hilly, not ideal for farming became a seafaring culture that dominated the Aegean Sea and Mediterranean A lot of literature and mythology was based on journeys overseas and oversea battles ex: Iliad and Odyssey written by Homer |
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Greeks |
polytheistic Most important gods: Zeus, Aphrodite, Hades, Apollo, Ares, Athena gods were very human like and petty |
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Early Greek civilizations |
Two most important city states- Athens and Sparta |
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Minoans |
islands influenced mycenaeans |
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Mycenaeans |
live off the Aegean Sea 1st to create Greek language |
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Athens |
democracy= people have direct impact on gov. impact on politics, art, architecture great value on learning |
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Philosophers of Athens |
great value on learning Socrates, Pluto and Aristotle |
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Sparta |
totalitarian city: state ruled by a king, government controls all aspect of citizens' lives highly militaristic (physical and mental strength) gave up rights and liberties to women had to protect their land in warfare practiced eugenics |
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Eugenics |
Got rid of the weak wanted warriors ex: handicapped were killed off |
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Persian War |
Athens, Sparta and other Greek cities unified to defend Greece against invading Persian armies Greece won After the war, Athens and Sparta returned against each other and divided the other city states along lines of allegiance |
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Peloponnesian War |
Athens vs. Sparta Devastated Greek society Sparta won |
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Hellenic Age |
Alexander the Great of Macedonia conquered and united the Greek and Persian worlds Conquered Greece |
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The Roman Republic (Italy) 500-27 BC |
Happened after Greece Incorporated Greek society and became dominant world power after Punic Wars with Carthage Society divided into patricians, plebeians and slaves |
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Patricians of Roman society |
upper class |
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Plebeians of Roman society |
Commoners |
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Republic |
Representatives represent the people |
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Senate in Roman society |
seat of Roman government had to be upper class |
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The Roman Empire |
After the assassination of Julius Caesar, Augustus became the 1st emperor of the Roman Empire Had a lot of architetural achievements (the Colosseum and aqueducts) |
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aqueducts |
an artificial channel for conveying water, typically in the form of a bridge supported by tall columns across a valley. |
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Augustus |
first emperor of Roman empire |
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Roman Empire (286) |
Empire divided into East and West (felt it was difficult for one person to rule entire empire) |
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Roman Empire (313) |
Constantine the Great made Christianity legal |
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Fall of Roman Empire (reasons) *Possible essay |
Political instability (overextended and couldn't control) Excessive taxation (higher taxes to pay for armies) Mercenary armies (fight for $) Division over the rise of Christianity Continous barbarian invasions |
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Fall of Rome |
Late 400 AD marked the end of ancient civilizations |
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Easter Roman Empire Continued |
became known as Byzantine Empire (continued much longer than West Rome Most important influence: Justinian Code (Roman law) |
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Fall of Constantinople (1453 AD) |
Marked the end of the Byzantine Empire |
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Hebrew Civilization (1900 BC-100 AD) |
established first lasting monotheistic religion (Judaism) Jews initially lived in Canaan but moved to Egypt |
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India |
Indus Valley Civilization |
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Indus Valley Civilization (3500-1700 BC) |
AKA Harrapan Civilization Had advanced culture and created a planned urban grid As well as the FIRST urban sanitation system During its mature phase, they came up with measurement systems, graceful bronze and terra cotta sculptures |
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Vedic Period |
followed the Indus Valley Civilization Laid foundations for early Hinduism |
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Early foundations of Hinduism |
belief system that spans monotheism, polytheism and pantheism one god that can take different forms |
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Pantheism |
god= the manifestation of the universe |
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India |
Caste system emerged from Hinduism India's open geography allowed for many invasions from Central Asia and surrounding regions Conquered by many groups that even today many religions are used |
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India's Caste System |
Divided the population to 4 district castes No amount of success allowed you to move to a new caste |
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4 District Castes |
priests and teachers rullers and warriors merchants and artisans peasants and servants |
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Medieval and Early Modern Asia |
China and Japan |
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China (1200s) |
Medieval China fell under the rule of the Mongol Empire |
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Mongol Empire |
Largest empire in history ruled by Genghis Khan and successors Advanced military (shot bow and arrow from horseback) Allowed them to conquer surrounding areas and defeat armies In conquered areas, they allowed old government to rule but under their laws and pay a tribute (tax) |
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Ming Dynasty (1300-1600 AD) |
Mongols were driven out and China practiced isolationist policy No trade with the outside world |
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Japan (Heian Era) 800-1200 AD |
Japanese copied Chinese politics and culture and began to develop a distinct identity
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Japan (feudalism) |
Emperor held little power Power invested in the Shogun |
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Shogun |
military ruler chosen amongst the daimyo |
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Daimyo |
nobility with land, were served by Samurai |
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Samurais
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Daimyo give samurais land so in return they'll fight for them warriors |
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Tokugawa Period |
Japan practiced extreme isolationism, felt danger from European Christianity Dutch were okay to come and trade because they didn't preach Christianity |
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Africa |
seaports and international trades gave rise to various city-states along the eastern coast where cultures as the Swahili thrived Western Africa was heavily influence by Islam (religion and moral rules for trade) |
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Zimbabwe |
became a strong kingdom based on the gold trade and precious stones. |
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Northern Africa |
the Berbers nomadic people who have an ancient origin referred to as Libyans, Mauri and Moors |
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Arabia |
after death of Muhammad, the Muslim conquests united the Aran Peninsula under Islam ruled by succession of Caliphs although Ottoman rulers (Turkish) used term "sultan" |
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Muhammad |
prophet of Islam helped write the Quran |
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Influence of Islam |
Spread through Byzantine and Persian empires Ottoman Turks conquered them Emphasized the Quran as source for moral and ethical conduct (teachings of Muhammad) |
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Moral and ethical conduct of Islam |
pray 5 times daily give alms (give to the needy) fast during Ramadan must go to holy city of Mecca at least one time |
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Manorialism |
idea of giving land to people who will work on it and get economic benefit and pay back a tax to person |
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Manorialism |
idea of giving land to people who will work on it and get economic benefit gave rise to the political and military system of feudalism |
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Feudalism |
pledging military service in return for receiving land fief (piece of land) |
