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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The French and Indian War (1756-63)
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-Key turning point in England's domination over N. America
-English victory ended the French threat in America and encouraged colonial America to seek a more active role in its own affairs. |
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The American Revolution (1776-81)
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Was fought to obtain independence.
-Problems of military effectiveness hindered colonial effort -Washington's leadership turned the tide of battle. |
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The Articles of Confederation (1781-89)
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Proved inadequate as a central gov't.
-held the nation together during a critical period. -were limited by major weaknesses 1)no power to regulate foreign trade 2)no court system 3)no independent taxing power |
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The Constitution (1789)
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-federal system created that divided state and federal power
-3 branches of gov't created -bill of rights added to protect the people |
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Federalist party
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believed in strong central gov't ruled by manufacturing interests of the country (Hamilton)
-favored rich and wealthy |
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Anti-federalist party
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believed in limited federal power based on farming interests of the country (Jefferson)
-believed in worth of individual |
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Democratic party
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-against bank
-against tariff's -state's rights |
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Manifest Destiny
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encouraged U.S. expansion to the Pacific
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The Civil War (1861-65)
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North had:
-manpower -firepower -economic resources South had: -leadership -territory The Union blockade economically strangled South. Economic and military weakness led to Lee's surrender (1865) |
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Reconstruction (1865-66)
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Presidential plan emphasized tolerance in South. Radical plan emphasized the use of military force in treating the South like a conquered territory.
-14th and 15th amendments passed -civil rights bill passed -President Johnson impeached for opposing Radical Reconstruction |
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Industrialization (1876-1910)
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-inventions promoted growth
-encouraged by Western expansion -transcontinental railroad (1869) |
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Mesopotamia (3500-3000 B.C.)
-Sumerians were creators |
Achievements:
-irrigation projects -advanced system of mathematics -invention of the wheel |
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The Babylonians (2300-1750 B.C.)
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-code of Hammurabi (writing system)
-centralized gov't -advancements in algebra and geometry |
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The Assyrians (911-550 B.C)
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-empire based on military superiority
-centralized gov't -a postal service -extensive library -highway system |
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The Persians (500s B.C.)
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-international gov't
-Zoroastrianism(ethical religion based on good and evil) |
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The Phoenicians (1000 B.C)
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-first explorers, traders, colonizers
-invented first true alphabet -exported manufactured glass and purple dye |
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The Egyptians (3000 B.C.)
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-afterlife, religion, pharaoh
-medical advances and specialized surgery -hieroglyphic writing system -agriculture was base of economy -annual flooding of Nile was necessary for a sustained economy |
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The Greeks
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-founded philosophical schools
-scientific method -advances in ship building and commerce -established democracy -system of law -dominant in architecture, art, literature, performing arts |
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Alexander the Great (356-323 B.C.)
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-Established Hellenistic Age (infusion of Greek culture and the East)
-Bureaucratic gov't -conquered Persia, Asia minor, Egypt |
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The Romans (509 B.C.-180 A.D.)
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-field of law
-revolutionized building construction, engineering, road construction -continued Greek tradition in literature, art, sculpture, humanities |
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Fall of Rome
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-continuous barbaric invasion
-political instability -decreasing farm production -inflation -excessive taxation -decline of military and use of mercenaries |
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The Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire)
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Reasons for success:
-domination of commercial trade and monopoly of silk -used diplomacy to avoid invasions -defensible borders -Roman law strengthened Bureaucracy Achievements: -Preserved Greco-Roman civilization -spread civilization to Eastern Europe -preserved Eastern Orthodox Church -economic strength based on stable money economy |
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Fall of Byzantine Empire
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Reasons for decline:
-geographical proximity to powerful civilizations -loss of commercial dominance over Italians -religious controversy -fall of Constantinople |
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Rise of Islam
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-based on teachings of Mohammed
-The Koran is center of ethical code -trade spread Islamic culture Muslim Achievements: -advances in medicine, astronomy, and math -architecture and literature flourished |
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Feudal System
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-political authority dominated by landowning nobles
-purely agricultural economy -Manorialism was foundation -The lord of the manor had full political, judicial, and economic control over the manor, including the serfs |
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The Holy Roman Empire (Western Europe)
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-the pope was dominant in religious matters
-the king was dominant in secular matters -power struggle between papacy and king decentralized the Germanic states |
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Juan Cabrillo
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discovered San Diego Bay, the Santa Barbara Islands, Point Conception, and Point Reyes
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California missions
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-purpose was to convert Indians to Christianity, establish cultural and agricultural centers, populate Alta California
-Father Junipero Serra is responsible for the development of the mission system Positive aspects: -spread Christianity -colonized California -spread cultural and technological advances of Spain Negative aspects: -dehumanization of Indians -high infant mortality and suicide rates among Indians -forced labor and slave-like conditions -Indian self-sufficiency never developed |
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Hostility toward Chinese
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-they were blamed for economic problems
-Chinese exclusion act (1882) -Workingmen's Party established (1877) that was anti-Chinese -California Constitution codified anti-Chinese legislation |
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World War I
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-wages, production, manufacturing and commerce expanded rapidly
-panama canal opening extended international links -advances in movie, oil and agricultural production -real-estate boom fueled housing industry -California sixth most populated state (1930) |
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Depression-era California
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-large-scale unemployment, bank failures, and foreclosures
-economic and social problems 1)homelessness |
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World War II
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-brought economic revitalization
-manufacturing base improved -California became "defense center" of the nation -Japanese-Americans relocated from coastal areas to inland detention camps |
