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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Imperative Programming
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Program & variables stored together. Program contains series of calculations, assigns values to variables. Procedural abstraction.
(Cobol, Fortran, C, Ada, Perl) |
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OOP
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Collection of objects that pass messages to transform state. Object classification, inheritance, message passing.
(Smalltalk, C++, Java, C#) |
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Functional Programming
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Collection of mathematical functions. Maps input domains to output ranges.
(LISP, Scheme, Haskell, ML) |
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Logic/Declarative Programming
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Declares what outcome the program should accomplish, rather than how to accomplish it. "Rule-based" language.
(Prolog) |
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Simplicity and Readability
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1)Clarity of expression/small instruction set (Basic, Pascal)
2)Minimize keystrokes or amount of memory compiler requires 3)Less feature multiplicity (x++, ++x, x=x+1) same with subtle differences 4)Less usage multiplicity (operator overloading bad) |
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Clarity about Binding
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Language should be clear about binding times for each element to its properties.
(Simplicity and Readability) |
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Language Definition Time
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Basic data types are bound to reserved words. (Integers-->int, real numbers-->float)
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Language Implementation Time
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When compiler is written, values bound to machine representations. (Size of int determined when?)
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Program Writing Time
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Variable names bound to types.("int x")
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What are the six binding times?
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1) Language Definition Time (LDT)
2) Language Implementation Time (LIT) 3) Program Writing Time (PWT). 4) Compile Time (CT) 5) Program Load Time (PLT) 6) Program Run Time (PRT) |
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Compile Time
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Program statements and expressions are bound to machine instruction sequences.
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Program Load Time
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Static variables, program code, run-time stack assigned to fixed memory addresses.
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Program Run Time
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Variables are bound to values.
(x=3). |
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Reliability
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Runs same way
--Every time run --On every platform Exception Handling Type checking |
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Orthogonality
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Contributes to Readability.
Small, mutually independent set of primitive operations. Few exceptions to rules. |
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Abstraction
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Code reuse
Libraries Data and procedural abstraction |
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Cost
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Distribution/Training
Code Maintenance Compiling Executing |
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What is the definition of Syntax?
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The form or structure of the expressions, statements, and program units
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What is the definition of Semantics?
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The meaning of the expressions, statements, and program units
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Language
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A set of sentences
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Sentence
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A string of characters, composed of lexemes, over some alphabet
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