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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the study of sound called?
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Acoustics
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Sound has no mass or weight, but is rather an audible disturbance in a medium caused by a _______ source such as a tuning fork or the vocal folds
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Vibrating
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A _____ _____ can exist in a gas, such as air: in a liguid, such as water, or a solid, such as a pipe or rail road track
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sound wave
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The simplest sounds; consist of only one frequency: repeats itself in the exact same way at a constant # of cycles
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pure tones
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the number of cycles per second
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frequency
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____ is the restoring force that causes a medium to bounce back when stretched or displaced
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Elasticity
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the tendency for motion or lack or motion to continue
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inertia
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starting at rest and moving to max point of displacement (MPD) to one side then to MPD on other and back to rest.. this is called one____ of vibration
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cycle
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_____ is the speed of an object in a certain direction. max ____ is reached as it passes original resting point
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velocity
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decrease in amplitude over time
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damping
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The time taken to for each cycle is termed ____
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period
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The graph of a body vibrating in simple harmonic motion is the same as a graph of a ___ ____
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sine wave
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3 constituents of sound
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source of energy, vibrating source (tuning fork), and medium of transition
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_____ is a potientially audible disturbance of a medium produced by a vibrating source
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sound
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____ may be gas, liquod or solid
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medium
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if 2 signals of the same frequency are __ _____, their pressure waves crest and trough at the same time
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in phase
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sound produced and repeatedly reflected by hard walls in such a way that it _____, which means the sound persist for too long a period of time as it bounces back and forth and interferes with listeners perception of the following sound
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reverberates
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two or more pure tones at different frequencies
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complex sounds
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______ soundwaves are those in which the partern of vibration, however complex, repeats itself exactly over time
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Periodic
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______ soundwave is one in whikch the vibration is random and diplays no repeatable pattern
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Aperiodic
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perception of frequency (subjective part/mental of frequency)
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pitch
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normal relation between frequency
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as frequency increases, pitch increases
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as length gets longer of an object frequency ___-
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softens,
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more mass of an object frequency ____
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lower
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more weight of an object frequency
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lowers
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tighter tensions produces _____ frequency
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higher
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quality of male voice is ___- that that of a woman
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lower
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fricitives and sibilants have a ____ frequency
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higher
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vowels/liquids/glides have a ____ frequency
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lower
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voiced consonants/ stops have a ____ range frequency
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mid
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speech sounds range from ___ to ____Hz
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100 - 8000 Hz
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audible frequency range; range of frequency you can hear
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20 - 20,000 Hz
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period and frequency formula
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f=1/P or P=1/f or (P)(f)=1
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as frequency increases period _____
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increases
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formula for wavelength
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w= v/f
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periodic speech sounds
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vowel, nasals, glides, liquids
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aperiodic speech sounds
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vl fricatives, vl affricatives, vl stops
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voiced consonants are ____ of _____ and ______
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comination of periodic and aperiodic
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for breaking down complex periodic sounds into its simple parts in terms of freq, amplitude, and phase relation
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Fourier Analysis
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timing between two sounds
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phase relationship
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lowest frequency with the highest amplitude (complex sounds)
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fundemental frequency Fo
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Fo in avg male
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85-150 Hz
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Fo in avg female
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175-250 Hz
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Fo in avg child
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>300Hz
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mulitples of the Fo
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harmonics
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energy carried, related to loudness and amplitude
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Intesity
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unit of intensity
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decibel
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softest level you can hear 50% of the time
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0dB
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highest level you can hear, threshold of pain
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130dB
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most comfortable level of intensity
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40-60 dB
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the amplitude of vibration (extent fo particle displacement) is an indication of the _______ of the sound
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intensity
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the distance from any point in one cycle to the corresponding point in the next cycle
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wavelength
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formula for wavelength
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w (lambda symbol) = c/f
c= velocity f= frequency |
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wavelenght depends on 2 factors, the _____ of the vibration and the ___ of sound wave proagation in the medium
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frequency and velocity
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sound travels through air at ____ meters/sec; ____ ft/sec; _____ miles/sec
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344 meters
1130 ft 758 miles |
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lowest frequency with the highest amplitude (complex sounds)
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fundemental frequency Fo
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Fo in avg male
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85-150 Hz
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Fo in avg female
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175-250 Hz
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Fo in avg child
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>300Hz
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mulitples of the Fo
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harmonics
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