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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Universal Language Competence
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knowledge of features and structure of languages
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Universal Language Performance
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usage of language for actual communication. Need and desire to communicate
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Specific Language Competence
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knowledge of features and structure of a particular language such as English
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Echolalia
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condition where children parrot the speech of others but do not know what they are saying.
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Specific language performance
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Usage of a particular language such as English for actual communication
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Larynx location
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anterior of neck; below tongue; above trachea; in front of throat
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Larynx function
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protector of the lungs; phonation; lifting; natural child birth
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Hyoid bone
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larynx is suspended from it
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Cricoid
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base of the larynx
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Thyroid
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anterior attachment of the vocal folds
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arytenoids
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posterior attachment of the vocal folds
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glottis
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space between the true vocal folds- making it able to breath
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ventricle
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space between the true and false vocal folds
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Abduction
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open so you can breath
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adduction
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closed vocal folds
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Relaxation
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voice pitch will go down
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tension
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voice pitch will get higher
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Frontal Bone
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uniquely human; protects functions of thinking (cognition) (problem solving) and voluntary motor activity
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parietal
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protects functions of bodily awareness, general body sensations, reading and writing
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occipital
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protects function of vision
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Temporal
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protects functions of audition, olfaction (smell) and emotions- rage and fear
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Jaw Bones
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Upper=maxilla; lower=mandible. They house the upper and lower teeth
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Articulators
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Lips, teeth, tongue, hard palate, soft palate, pharynx, nose
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1. lips 2. teeth 3. tongue 4. soft palate 5. pharynx 6. nose
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articulation methods in order
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symbol
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something that stands for an object, an event, some feature of reality
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Phoneme
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speech sounds of our language.
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Consonants
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provide meaning; presence or absence of voicing, place of articulation, manner of production
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Vowels
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Provide power; lip position, tongue elevation, tongue position, duration, tension
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Diphthongs
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Vowels in combination
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Morpheme
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smallest meaningful unit of a language. most are synonymous with words. " The baby's bottle" three full words, but has four....
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Semantics
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communication refers to meaning. meaning is basic to the act of communication.
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prosody
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refers to the melody and cadence of a language; the basic flow and rhythm of a language, the tonal qualities of a language.
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crying
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these sounds reflect distress, and contain very loud vowels of all kinds
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comfort sounds
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harder to decscribe, gurgles, signs, grunts, cooing. they occur during or just after feeding, diaper filling, or some other form of relief from distress
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Babbling
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universal phenomenon found in all infants. it is a linking of sounds together on one exhalation.
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Learning theory (operant conditiong)
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based on positive reinforcement; if child's vocalization approximate those of the parent, they get reinforced through smiles, hugs, or gifts which encourage continuation of the vocalization attempts
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Autism Theory (self-gratification)
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Once words are learned through reinforcement, they acquire a certain self-gratification of their own, and the child or adults finds pleasure in producing the words because of the pleasant memories or good feelings evoked1
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nativistic Theory (Inborn Propensity)
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The child is preprogrammed for language learning, and the process is mobilizaed by discovery of parent's particular language which can be imitated. ex. stomach is moving-throwing up
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Lungs
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air supply
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phonation
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sound
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atriculation mechanism
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speech sound
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Shoulder girdle
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clavicle/ scapula
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pelvic region
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hip bones sacrum
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Muscle of inhalation
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pectoralis major, pectoalis minor, intercostrial, diaphragm
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Muscle of Exhalation
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rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, transverse
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Velum (soft Palate)
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trap door spreading the oral cavity from the nose
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Hypernasility and articulation
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Primary communicatoin problems
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voicing
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vocal folds vibrating
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place
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location of articulators
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manner
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plosive, fricative, affricate, semivolwels, nasals
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plosive
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force words out
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Disabilities I
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Severe, failure to acquire any usable language
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Disabilities II
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can be fixed with rehab. Delayed language acquisition
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Disabilities III
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Had language, but then lost it. they know what they are missing out on
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Monoplegic
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one limb
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hemiplegic
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right or left half of body
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Deplegic
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both upper and lower limb
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paraplegic
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all four limbs
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quadraplegic
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all four limbs
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spastic
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severe muscle tightnes, scissor gate
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athetoid
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involuntary contractions, worm like movements
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myethenic
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severe muscle weakness
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diagnosis
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finding out what is wrong. implies labeling
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prognosis
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predictor of success
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perservation
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aphasia repeats a word or phrase and can't stop.
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catastrophic response
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at the end of the ropes, so they blow up. result in crying or running away
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