Csd 341: Unit 1

Front 1

___ is a phrase that defines what is permissible for an audiologist (or SLP) to do.

Back 1

scope of practice

Front 2

___ is a term that monitors hearing loss in industries and schools. Educating people about hearing.

Back 2

prevention

Front 3

___ is term of hearing loss through screening programs. It is a quick-sort of normal vs. potential hearing loss.

Back 3

identification

Front 4

Prevention, identification, evaluation, selection, rehab are ____ of audiology.

Back 4

disciplines

Front 5

___ can be done with hearing assessments and balance assessments.

Back 5

evaluations

Front 6

Selection and evaluation in audiology can be minor to aggressive sensory aids. T or F

Back 6

True

Front 7

Habilitate and rehab can be done with education. T or F

Back 7

True

Front 8

The number of Americans with hearing loss has ____ during the past 30 years.

Back 8

doubled

Front 9

___ million people have hearing loss in the U.S. ___ is permanent.

Back 9

28.6 million, 80%

Front 10

___ % of children under 18 have hearing loss.

Back 10

18%

Front 11

Difficulty with temporal words, abstract, endings, plurals, tense, cannot hear fricatives/stops/approximants have an effect on children with hearing loss. T or F

Back 11

True

Front 12

Poor health, anxiety, depression, fewer interpersonal contacts can have an effect on adults with hearing loss. T or F

Back 12

True

Front 13

A person with hearing loss can cost more than $___. Someone age 65 or older can cost $ ____.

Back 13

1 million dollars, $43,000

Front 14

A problem in hearing aids is that the machines cannot distinguish between noise and speech with CI and aids (to discover new techniques for assessing hearing and auditory function). To determine the effects of hearing loss in disorders with measurement and rehab. T or F

Back 14

True

Front 15

Research in audiology, assess and examine the speech perception abilities of hearing aids and CI. T or F

Back 15

True

Front 16

Goals of this class are 1) diagnostic audiology with the audiometer 2) I.D. and assess hearing and auditory fxn. T or F

Back 16

True

Front 17

The ____ nerve is the same as the auditory nerve. Carries signals from the cochlea to the brain.

Back 17

cochlear nerve

Front 18

The outer ear is made up of the __ and the ___.

Back 18

pinna and ear canal (external auditory meatus)

Front 19

The ear canal is ___ cartilaginous and inner is ___ bone.

Back 19

2/3 and 1/3

Front 20

___ has a purpose to protect the middle and inner ear, amplify high frequency sounds (2500-5000 Hz), and helps in localizing.

Back 20

outer ear

Front 21

The ___ is a concave disk-like structure, made up of 3 layers called ____, ____, ____.

Back 21

tympanic membrane. outer surface, fibrous areas, and inner surface (mucus membrane).

Front 22

The ___ is used to look into ears.

Back 22

otoscopy

Front 23

The tympanic membrane is pars flaccida makes up 25% of the ____ (superior/inferior) portion is loose and floppy.

Back 23

superior

Front 24

The tympanic membrane is pars tensa makes up 75% of the ___ (superior/inferior) portion is taut.

Back 24

inferior

Front 25

The muscles of the middle ear are ___ and the ____.

Back 25

tensor tympani muscle, stapedius muscle

Front 26

The muscles in the middle ear will contract if intensity is too great. The ossicular chain will stiffen, thus increasing impedance, and reducing amplitude at the cochlea. T or F

Back 26

True

Front 27

The ____ ____ can be considered as an impedance adapter -- without it, 98% of energy would be reflected back.

Back 27

middle ear

Front 28

There are three media: ___, ___, ____.

Back 28

scala vestibuli, scala media (aka cochlea duct), scala tympani.

Front 29

Perilymph fluid is in the ___ and ____. The endolymph is in the ___. The fluids are important in the transduction of energy.

Back 29

scala vestibuli & the scala tympani. scala media.

Front 30

The cochlea contains the sensory organ of hearing, and spins ___ turns.

Back 30

2 3/4 turns.

Front 31

The sensory organ of hearing is the ___ which sits on the basilar membrane.

Back 31

Organ of Corti

Front 32

___ and ___ are the two sound pathways of the ear.

Back 32

air conduction and bone conduction

Front 33

___ is pathway that bypasses the outer and middle ear. Sits on the cochlea, vibrates the skull mechanically, to test chemical and electrical stimuli of the inner ear.

Back 33

bone conduction (Schwabach test, mastoid process)

Front 34

The ___ of audiology are stimuli, transducers, responses, and interpretation.

Back 34

basic elements

Front 35

____ is a decrease in the strength of a sound.

Back 35

attenuation

Front 36

___ is made of steel, magnesium, or aluminum, that is used to tune musical instruments, or by singers to obtain certain pitches.

Back 36

tuning fork

Front 37

___ is energy at one frequency, sinusoids, on a spectrum and a waveform. They are important bc they stimulate a discrete area of the basilar membrane. Their use allows us to determine what portion of the auditory system maybe damaged.

Back 37

pure tones

Front 38

Tonotopic organization of the basilar membrane (bm) is also called ___ of the pure tone. The bm does initial frequency analysis of incoming auditory signals.

Back 38

frequency sensitivity

Front 39

___ end is narrow and stiff, ____ end is wide and flaccid of the bm.

Back 39

apical, basal

Front 40

___ are very brief stimuli, there is a spatter of energy on a broad frequency range. Reciprocal relationship bw duration and frequency specificity. Used to assess auditory fxn that requires fine temporal relationships.

Back 40

clicks & transients

Front 41

___ is a stimuli that has energy present at many frequencies. Used in combination with other stimulus with interference called masking.

Back 41

noise bands

Front 42

___ is a noise that hasequal energy at all frequencies.

Back 42

white noise

Front 43

___ is a noise that is centered around a particular frequency.

Back 43

narrow band noise

Front 44

___ is a noise with more energy at low frequencies than at high frequencies.

Back 44

speech-shaped noise

Front 45

___ is the noise with signal for which we use our hearing most. It is the most complex and changing acoustic stimulus we hear. In audiology, we use them defined characteristics such as number of syllables, phonetic content of words, syntax, etc.

Back 45

speech

Front 46

___ is a device that changes one form of energy to another form of energy. When testing hearing, we want to change mechanical or electrical energy into acoustical energy.

Back 46

transducer

Front 47

Tuning forks, earphones, bone vibrators, loudspeakers, microphones are types of transducers. T or F

Back 47

True

Front 48

___ is a transducer that changes mechanical energy into acoustical energy.

Back 48

tuning fork

Front 49

___ is a transducer that changes electrical to acoustic energy, sound directed into individual ears.

Back 49

ear phones

Front 50

The three types of earphones are: supraaural, circumaural, insert.

Back 50

supraaural - placed on top of the pinna
circumaural - placed over and around the pinna
insert - placed into the ear canal (foam ends)

Front 51

___ is a transducer that replaced tuning forks, changes electrical to mechanical energy, stimulates the auditory system by vibrating the bones of the skull, and bypasses the air conduction pathway.

Back 51

bone vibrator (looks like a headset with a button on one end)

Front 52

___ is a transducer that changes electrical to acoustic energy, sound directed to a soundfield, binaural.

Back 52

loudpeakers

Front 53

___ is a transducer that changes acoustic energy into electrical energy.

Back 53

microphones

Front 54

___ and ___ are the two types of responses in audiology.

Back 54

perceptual and physiological

Front 55

____ is when a person responds to stimulus behaviorally, traditional response in audiology, and used to be predominantly.

Back 55

perceptual responses

Front 56

___ is when a patient can be passive during the eval and used when examining the response of the auditory system.

Back 56

physiological responses

Front 57

____ are the four types of responses: detection (absolute threshold), discrimination (differential threshold), recognition, comprehension.

Back 57

perceptual responses

Front 58

The characteristics of _____ response are changes in the impedance of the middle ear, echoes from the cochlea, electrical activity, target a site in the auditory system such as the outer ear/middle ear/inner ear, use equipment to register the physiological response.

Back 58

physiological

Front 59

___ is the softest sound a person can hear 50% or 75% of the time.

Back 59

threshold

Front 60

All sensory thresholds are gradual and not absolute. Abnormal responses are 0% or 100%. T or F

Back 60

True

Front 61

___ is when you can test a large number of listeners, use pure-tone stimuli, assess detection threshold, and average the data.

Back 61

normal hearing

Front 62

What is the resultant function of normal hearing?

Back 62

threshold curve of hearing (shows sensitivity of the human ear to different frequencies).

Front 63

Our hearing shows sensitivity at different frequencies. T or F

Back 63

True

Front 64

What is MAP?

Back 64

Minimal Audible Pressure - with headphones.

Front 65

What is MAF?

Back 65

Minimal Audible Field - in a sound field with speakers.

Front 66

The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies and is least sensitive to very high and very low frequencies. T or F

Back 66

True

Front 67

In normal hearing, the result of ear canal resonance is at 3000-3500 Hz. Middle ear resonance is at 1500 Hz. T or F

Back 67

True

Front 68

The threshold of tickle and pain is at ___.

Back 68

140 dB SPL

Front 69

The ____ is the loudest sound that can tolerated by young listeners, at __ dB.

Back 69

loudness discomfort level (LDL) and 130 dB SPL.

Front 70

The ____ is the diff bw the threshold curve and the LDL, defines the range of hearing for a certain frequency, is greatest where the ear is most sensitive, and called the audibility area when referring to the range across frequencies.

Back 70

dynamic range of hearing

Front 71

The audiogram: 1) in normal hearing, each frequency starts out equal. 2) hearing isn't equal across all frequencies. T or F

Back 71

True