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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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chronological age |
age by months/years
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biological age
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measurement in terms of skeletal age, somatic maturity, sexual maturation
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What is Tanner Classification
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A method of evaluating biological age |
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where bone formation occurs
the central shaft of a long bone |
diaphysis
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what are the 3 sites of growth cartilage in a child
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1. epiphyseal (growth) plate
2. joint surface 3. apophyseal insertions of muscle-tendon units |
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when do long bones stop growing
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when the epiphyseal plate becomes completely ossified
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what is responsible for significant strength improvements in preadolescent boys and girls?
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neurological factors
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what are the outcomes of preadolescent RT
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-increase in strength due to neural factors (increased MU coordination, recruitment and firing)
-improvements in motor skills and coordination -muscular endurance increases -bone density increases -increased injury resistance |
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A 12-year old male has been resistance training twice a week for six-weeks. Which of the following adaptations contribute the MOST to training-induced strength gains?
A. increased muscle size B. increased motor unit activation C. greater testosterone concentration D. greater number of muscle fibers |
increased motor unit activation
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True or false:
When strength is expressed relative to muscle CSA, there are no significant differences between men and women, indicating that muslce quality (peak force of CSA) is not sex specific |
TRUE
Potential Force production of CSA is equal |
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who has larger muscle fiber Cross Sectional Area, men or women? |
Men have larger mf CSA than women |
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in terms of absolute strength, women are generally weaker than men why?
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because of their lower quantity of muscle |
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When males and females are compared relative to muscle cross-sectional area,
it appears that the potential for force production is? A. greater in males. B. greater in females. C. equal in males and females. D. dependant on body weight. |
equal in M and F
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the potential force production fo females per muscle CSA is ______________ to males
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equal
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what are the 2 areas of concern regarding the prescription of RT programs for women:
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1. development of upper body strength
2. prevention of sport-related injuries (particularly those that involve the knee) |
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Deconditioned female college athletes who participate in sports such as basketball and soccer appear to be at increased risk for developing injuries to the?
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knee
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what is osteopenia defined by?
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bone mineral density between -1 and -2.5 standard deviations in the young adult mean |
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what is osteoperosis defined by
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bone mineral density below -2.5 standard deviations of the young adult mean |
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sarcopenia
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loss of muscle mass (aging)
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after age 30 there is a decrease/increase in what
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decrease in;
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What improvements may be seen in older adults as a result of RT? |
increased muscular strength and power, muscle mass, bone mineral density and functional capabilities (gait,speed)
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Which of the following is the MOST significant adaptation to chronic resistance
training for an older adult? A. increased cardiovascular fitness B. improved blood lipid profile C. improved muscle mass D. improved flexibility |
improved muscle mass
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Which of the following should be evaluated first when designing a training
program for a 68-year-old competitive female tennis player? A. cardiovascular fitness B. lower body strength C. balance and agility D. medical history |
medical history |
