Cscs Chapter - 6

Front 1

Hormones

Back 1

chemical messengers release and stored by endocrine glands

Front 2

endocrine glands

Back 2

structures specialized for secretion

Front 3

anabolic hormones

Back 3

- promote tissue growth
+ insulin, linsulin-like GF, testosterone, GH
+ block negative effects of catabolic hormones also

Front 4

catabolic hormones

Back 4

- attempt to degrade proteins to support glucose synthesis
+ cortisol, progesterone

Front 5

basic series of events of a steroid hormone

Back 5

+ diffuse across sarcolemma
+ hormone binds with receptor
# forms a hormone-receptor complex (H-RC)
# activates receptor
+ H-RC arrives at genetic material in cell’s nucleus
# opens it to expose “code” for making certain proteins
+ H-RC recognizes enhancers or upstream regulatory elements of gene
+ RNA Polymerase II binds to promotor
# the transcribes the gene by coding for the protein dictated by steroid hormone
+ mRNA processed and moves into sarcoplasm of cell
# then translated into a protein

Front 6

what are the actions of hormones secreted during/post ex?

Back 6

* they relay info on
o amount/type of stress on body - epinephrine
o metabolic demands - insulin
o need for changes in resting metabolism

Front 7

How dohormones respond to Heavy res ex ?

Back 7

o alters sarcolemma’s permeability to to nutrients
o effects sensetivity and synthesis of receptors in membrane
o local inflamatory responses initiated - tissue damage and repair

Front 8

How do post ex hormones provide for anabolic action?

Back 8

o actin/myosin synthesis increases, degradation decreases
+ if stress too great - catabolic reactions may occur, inability of anabolic hormones to bind
o only activated muscle fibers subject to change

Front 9

Testosterone

Back 9

o primary hormone interacts with muscle
o can promote GH response in pituitary
+ influences synthesis of muscle
o can increase # of neurotransmitters
o influence structural protein changes
o interact with neuron receptors
o interact with skeletal muscle itself
o increase testosterone - 18 and under
+ large muscle group ex.
+ heav resistance 85-95% 1rm
+ moderate to high volume of exercise - multiple sets/exercises
+ short rest period
+ 2 or more years of training

Front 10

Free Testosterone and Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin

Back 10

o higher total testosterone lever allows poetetial for more free testosterone
+ level remains or decreases after resistance exercise
+ younger en have a higher concentration than older
o free hormone hypothesis
+ only free hormones interact with target tissue
+ although bound hormone can influence rate of hormone delivery to tissue after workout

Front 11

Growth Hormone

Back 11

* from pituitary gland
o GH secreted by anterior pituitary
o enhances amino acid uptake and protein synthesis
+ resulting in hypertrophy of type I and II fibers
o main roles are:
+ decrease glucose utilization, glycogen synthesis
+ increase
# amino acid transport across cell membrane
# protein synthesis
# utilizatio of fatty acids
# lipolysis (fat breakdown)
# availability of glucose and amino acids
# collagen synthesis
# cartilage growth
# retention of nitrogen, sodium, potassium
# renal plasma flow and filtration
# promotes compensatory renal hypertrophy
# enhanced immune cell function
* interacts indirectly with target tissue
* stimulates release of IGFs and atocrine level of cell
o result - changesin IGFs body
+ increases availability of AA for protein synthesis

Front 12

Insulin-Like Growth Factors

Back 12

* mediate effects of GH
* secreted by liver after GH stimulates it too
* Secreted as lager molecule - processed into hormone
* travel in blood on binding proteins
o IGF-Ibinding protein 1 to 6
+ 1 and 3 most studied

Front 13

Cortisol

Back 13

+ from adrenal cortex
+ glucocorticoid
+ signal for carb metabolism
+ related to glyc. stores in muscle
+ catabolic effects of cotisol in muscle:
# conver AA to carbs
# increase level of proteolytic enzymes (break down proteins)
# inhibit protein synthesis
+ greter effect on type II fibers
# more protein than type I fiber
+ involved w/brekdown of type I fibers
+ disease/immobilization
# cortisol increase that leads to contractile protein loss ----- ATROPHY
# anabolic testosterone and insulin counter this nitrogen wasting of cortisol

Front 14

how is cotisol in the body effected by res ex?

Back 14

o cortisol increases with ex.
+ most when rest period short and total volume high
+ may not be detrimental in traine (adapted) men
# adaptation disinhibits cortisol
+ responds to exercise with highstress on anaerobic metabolism

Front 15

cetacholamines

Back 15

+ from adrenal medulla
# epinphrine primarily
# also norepinephrine and dopamine
+ important for strength and power
# act as central motor stimulators
# peripheral vasucal dialotrs
# and enhances enzyme systems in muscle
+ physiologica functions of epinephrine and norep. are:
# increase
* force production - increase metabolic enzyme activity
* muscle contraction rate
* blood pressure
* energy availabilty
* blood flow
# Augment secretionrates of hormones, like testosterone