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113 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does raw facts, figures, images and sounds that relate to various entities like people, objects events etc refer to?
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Data
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What does data that has been processed in some form (filtering, formatting, summarizing). It has been rendered appropriate for a particular use refer to?
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Information
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What is is a set of inter-related components that interact with each other to work together to accomplish a set of goals?
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System
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What are the four components of an information system?
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collect, process, store, and distribute information
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What is a set of hardware, software, people and procedures that work together to produce information.
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Computer-based Information System
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What is SDLC and what does it mean?
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System developement life cycle
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What is the process of understanding how an information system (IS) can support/meet business needs, designing the system, building it, and delivering it to users.
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System developement life cycle
SDLC |
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Who is the key person in the SDLC. Who analyzes the business situation, identifies opportunities for improvements, and designs an information system to implement them.
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System Analyst
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What are the four phases of the system developement life cycle.
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Planning, Analysis, Design and Implementation
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what is the first step during which the system’s business value to the organization is identified.
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project initiation
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What provides a brief summary of a business need and explains how a system would create the business value.
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System request
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What is the deliverable for the planning phase?
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project plan
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What phase of the SDLC deals with these questions?
o Who will use the system? o What the system will do? o Where and when it will be used? |
Analysis phase
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What is the deliverable for the analysis phase?
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System Proposal
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What phase decides how the system will operate.
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Design phase
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What is the first step of the design phase?
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Design Strategy
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What phase decides
o Whether the system will be developed at the company itself, or o Whether the company will outsource the project to another firm, or o Whether to buy already existing software. |
Design phase
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What is the deliverable for the design phase?
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System Specification
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What is the final phase of the SDLC?
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Implementation
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What is the longest and most expensive phase?
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Implementation
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What is the first step of the implementation phase?
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System Construction, where the system is built, tested and then installed.
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What is the deliverable for the implementation phase?
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New system and maintenance plan
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What type of developement methodology deals with:
• Follows a formal step-by-step approach to SDLC that moves logically from one phase to another o Waterfall Development o Parallel Development |
Structured Design
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What type of developement methodology deals with:
• It adjusts the SDLC phases to get some part of the system developed quickly to hold the attention of the uses. • Users have better understanding of the system and suggest revisions. • Recommends use of computer tools like CASE, Visual programming and code generators to simplify and speed-up programming. |
RAD rapid aplication developement
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What type of developement methodology deals with:
• Newer development methodologies • Programming – centric with few rules and practices • Streamlines SDLC by eliminating much of modeling and documentation overhead • Emphasizes simple, iterative application development • Example – XP (eXtreme Programming) |
Agile Methodologies
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What type of developement methodology is:
• Moves forward from phase to phase and it is extremely difficult to go back to earlier phases. • Uses formal modeling or diagramming techniques to describe business process & data. • Two separate set of diagrams o Process model diagrams (process-centered methodologies) o Data model diagrams (data-centered methodologies) • Advantages o System requirements are identified well before actual programming o Minimizes changes to the requirements as the project proceeds. • Disadvantages o Design must be specified on paper before programming begins o Long delay between system proposal and delivery of the system. o Missing important requirements induces costly post-implementation programming |
Waterfall
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What type of application developement is:
o Adopts a general design for the whole system o Breaks project into sub-project that are designed and implemented in parallel o Helps to reduce the long delays between analysis and delivery of system o Still suffers from problems caused by paper documentation. |
Parallel Development
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What are the two forms of structural application developement?
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Waterfall developement
and parallel developement |
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What type of application developement deals with:
• Breaks system into a series of versions that are developed sequentially. • After identifying the System Concept, the requirements are broken down into series of versions. • The first version of the system is developed with its set of requirements following design and implementation phases. • Additional analysis is performed for second version and new ideas that arose from first version are incorporated. • The process continues till the system is complete. |
o Phased Development
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What type of application developement deals with:
• Performs analysis, design and implementation phases concurrently and repeatedly in a cycle until the system is completed. • Initial System has minimal features and it is re-analyzed, re-designed and re-implemented to add additional features in a cycle until it becomes the system |
o Prototyping
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What type of application developement deals with:
• Have a relatively thorough analysis phase to gather requirements • Design prototypes are built to understand difficult features or issues that needs to be resolved • Design prototypes is not a working system but, a part of the system • Once the issues are resolved and difficult features understood, the project moves to design and implementation phase. |
throw away prototyping
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Who:
• Analysis business issues of the system • Identifies how the system will provide business value • Designing new business processes and policies |
Business Analyst
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who:
• Analysis how technology can improve business processes • Designing the new business processes • Designing the information system • Ensuring that the system conforms to Information System standards |
Systems Analyst
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who:
• Ensuring that the system conforms to infrastructure standards • Identifying infrastructure changes needed to support the system |
Infrastructure Analyst
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who:
• Developing and executing a change management plan • Developing and executing user training plan |
Change Management Analyst
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who:
• Manages the project team consisting of analysts, programmers, technical writers and other specialists. • Developing and monitoring the project plan • Assigning resources • Serving as the primary point of contact for the project. |
Project Manager
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this oriented approach integrate data and process into self – contained modules
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Object oriented
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What captures the structure and behavior of information systems through objects that encompass both data and process
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Object oriented systems
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what is the general template used to define and create specific instances or objects
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classes
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What implement an object’s behavior.
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methods
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What is an action that an object can perform?
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A method
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What is information sent to objects to trigger methods?
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message
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What is combination of data and process into a single entity.
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encapsulation
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What encapsulate data and process?
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objects
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What suggests that only the information that is required to use a software module is made available to the user of the module?
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Principle of Information Hiding
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What satisfy the principle of information hiding by keeping the data private and providing access to data only through it’s interface i.e. methods
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objects
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What is a mechanism that allows classes to inherit characteristics (attributes) and behavior from other classes.
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Inheritance
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what is a class that generalizes the characteristics and behavior of other classes
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superclass
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What is a class that specializes the characteristics and behavior of other class(s).
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Subclass
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What inherits the appropriate attributes and methods from the superclass above them.
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subclass
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what is a class that does not produce instances (objects). They are merely used as templates for other more specific classes
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o Abstract class
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what is a class of which you can create instances (objects)
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o Concrete class
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what means that different objects can interpret the same message differently.
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polymorphism
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what is made possible through Dynamic Binding?
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polymorphism
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what means that the method that will be actually called on an object is decided at run-time.
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Dynamic binding (Late binding)
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what means that the method that will be actually called on an object is decided at compile time.
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o Static binding (Early binding)
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what does uml stand for?
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Unified Modeling Language
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what represent data and static relationships that are in an information systems
• Class diagrams, • Object diagrams • Package diagrams • Deployment diagrams • Component diagrams • Composite Structure diagrams |
structural diagrams
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what depict the dynamic behavior of individual objects through their lifetime
• Activity diagrams • Sequence diagrams • Communication diagrams • Interaction Overview • Timing diagrams • Behavioral State Machine • Protocol State Machine • Use – Case |
Behavioral diagrams
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Object – oriented approaches are most associated with?
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phased development RAD methodology.
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What are three things that any modern Object – Oriented approach to developing information systems must be?
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o Use – Case driven
o Architecture Centric o Iterative and Incremental |
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what means that the underlying software architecture of the evolving system specification drives the specification, construction, and documentation of the system.
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o Architecture Centric
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what Specific methodology maps out when and how to use the various UML techniques for OO analysis and design.
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Unified Process
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what is a two – dimensional systems development process described by a set of PHASES and WORKFLOWS
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Unified Process
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What are the four phases of the unified process?
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• Inception
• Elaboration • Construction • Transition |
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What phase of the unified process deals with:
o Similar to planning phase of the traditional SDLC. o Business case is made for the proposed system o Feasibility studies o Primary deliverable – Vision document that sets the scope of the project, identifies primary requirements and constraints, project plan, feasibility analysis and risks associated with the project |
• Inception
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What phase of the unified process deals with:
o Analysis and design workflows are the primary focus during this phase. o Deals with gathering requirements, building structural and behavioral models of problem domain o Developers are involved with all but deployment workflow in this phase o Primary deliverable – Structure and Behavior diagrams, executable of baseline version of the information system. |
• Elaboration
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What phase of the unified process deals with:
o Focused on programming the evolving system o Primarily concerned with implementation workflow o Primary deliverable – implementation of the system that can be released for beta and acceptance testing. |
• Construction
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What phase of the unified process deals with:
o Focuses on testing and deployment workflows. o Beta and Acceptance testing happens o Primary deliverable – actual executable of information system, user manuals, plan to support users, plan for upgrading etc. |
• Transition
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What deliverible results from the following phase of the unified process:
• Inception |
Vision document
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What deliverible results from the following phase of the unified process:
• Elaboration |
Structure and Behavior diagrams
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What deliverible results from the following phase of the unified process:
• Construction |
implementation of the system that can be released for beta and acceptance testing.
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What deliverible results from the following phase of the unified process:
• Transition |
actual executable of information system, user manuals, plan to support users, plan for upgrading etc.
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What describes the tasks or activities that a developer performs to evolve an information system.
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o Workflows
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What are the two types of workflows?
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Engineering Workflows and Support Workflows
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What type of workflow focuses on technical product
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Engineering Workflow
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What more specific workflow under the category of engineering workflow deals with:
o Uncovers problems and identifies potential projects within a user organization o Helps the developers and organization understand how the new system will fit into business process of the organization o Activities related to planned phase of traditional SDLC |
• Business modeling Workflow
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What more specific workflow under the category of engineering workflow deals with:
o Includes eliciting both functional and non-functional requirements |
• Requirements workflow
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What type of workflow focuses on managerial aspects of information system?
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support workflow
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What is the first step in the Planning phase?
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• Project initiation
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What is the first step in the Planning phase?
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• Project initiation
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What is the first step in the Planning phase?
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• Project initiation
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What is the first step in the Planning phase?
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• Project initiation
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What documents the business reasons for building the system and value addition the system is expected to provide.
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System Request
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What documents the business reasons for building the system and value addition the system is expected to provide.
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System Request
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What are the four elements of a system request document?
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o Project sponsor
o Business need o Business Requirements o Business value |
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What are the four elements of a system request document?
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o Project sponsor
o Business need o Business Requirements o Business value |
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What guides the organization in determining whether to proceed with a project, and identifies important risks associated with the project.
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feasibility analysis
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What guides the organization in determining whether to proceed with a project, and identifies important risks associated with the project.
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feasibility analysis
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What are three techniques or areas to feasibility analysis?
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o Technical feasibility
o Economic feasibility o Organizational feasibility |
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What documents the business reasons for building the system and value addition the system is expected to provide.
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System Request
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What documents the business reasons for building the system and value addition the system is expected to provide.
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System Request
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What are the four elements of a system request document?
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o Project sponsor
o Business need o Business Requirements o Business value |
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What guides the organization in determining whether to proceed with a project, and identifies important risks associated with the project.
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feasibility analysis
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What are three techniques or areas to feasibility analysis?
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o Technical feasibility
o Economic feasibility o Organizational feasibility |
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What are the four elements of a system request document?
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o Project sponsor
o Business need o Business Requirements o Business value |
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What are three techniques or areas to feasibility analysis?
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o Technical feasibility
o Economic feasibility o Organizational feasibility |
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What guides the organization in determining whether to proceed with a project, and identifies important risks associated with the project.
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feasibility analysis
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What are three techniques or areas to feasibility analysis?
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o Technical feasibility
o Economic feasibility o Organizational feasibility |
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What is a measure of program size based on number and complexity of inputs, outputs queries, files and program interfaces
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• Function Points
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What does TUFP stand for?
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total unadjusted function points
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What does TAFP stand for?
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total adjusted function points
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What does PCA stand for?
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Project Complexity Adjustment
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How do you calculate Total Adjusted FP (TAFP) ?
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PCA * TUFP
Project Complexity Adjustment * total adjusted function points |
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What is a popular algorithm to translate LOC into person-months?
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COCOMO model
constuction cost model |
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What does PERT stands for ?
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Program Evaluation and Review Technique
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What are the three estimates of time using the PERT?
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Optimistic
Most likely Pessimistic |
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What model refers to estimates on a project are initially made based on little information and are refined as the project proceeds.
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• Hurricane model
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What is a strategy applied to deliver a system on time with the main functionalities without bothering about the fringe features/functionalities
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• Timeboxing
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What is the ideal team size when staffing a project?
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8-10
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What does CASE stand for?
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Computer-Aided Software Engineering Tools
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What are software products that automate part or all of the project development process
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Computer-Aided Software Engineering Tools (CASE tools)
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What are Upper CASE tools, Lower CASE tools, and Integrated CASE tools (i-CASE)?
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Upper CASE – software packages used primarily during analysis phase to create integrated diagrams of the system and store information about the system
Lower CASE – designer tools that create the diagrams and then generate code for database tables system functionality. Integrated CASE (I- CASE) contains both the functionality of Upper CASE and Lower CASE |
