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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hardware
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The physical components that a computer is made up of
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CPU (Central Processing Unit)
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Fetchs instructions, follows instructions, and produces some result; coordinates all of the computer's operations; consists of the arithmetic and logic unit and the control unit; engages in the fetch/decode/execute cycle when running a program
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RAM (Random-Access Memory)
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The computer's main memory; a device that holds information; holds the sequences of instructions in the programs that are running and the data those programs are using; used only for temporary storage
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Bit (Binary Digit)
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A switch that is in a memory cell; can be either on (representing a 1) or off (representing a 0); there are 8 bits in each cell of memory
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Byte
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Each memory cell; a collection of eight bits
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Address
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A unique number that is assigned to each byte; ordered from lowest to highest
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Secondary Storage
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Meant for long term storage; most common type is the disk drive; also includes floppy disks, USB drives, CDs, and DVDs
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Input Device
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The device that collects information from the outside world and sends it to the computer; includes keyboards, mouse, scanner, digital cameras, microphones
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Output Devices
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A device that sends information to the outside world, as well as formatting it and presenting it
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Software
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Programs that run on a computer
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Operating System
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A set of programs that manages the computer's hardware devices and controls their processes
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Single Tasking Operating System
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Capable of running only one program at a time
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Multitasking Operating System
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Capable of running multiple programs at one time
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Single User Operating System
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Allows only one user to operate the computer at a time
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Multiuser Operating System
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Allows multiple users to operate the computer at one time
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Algorithm
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A set of well-defined steps for performing a task or solving a problem
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Machine Language
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A computer language formed by binary numbers
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Binary Numbers
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Numbers consisting of only 1s and 0s
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Programming Languages
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Languages which use words instead of numbers in order to make programming computers easier
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High-Level Languages
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Programming languages that are closest to the level of human readability
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Low-Level Languages
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Programming languages that are closest to the level of machine readability
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Portability
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Can be used on more than one type of system
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Text Editor
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A program similar to a word processing program that is used for programming
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Source Code
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The statements written by a programmer
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Source File
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The file that the source code and statements are saved in
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Preprocessor
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A program that reads the source code in the first phase of translating the language into machine language
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Compiler
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Steps through the preprocessed source code, translating each source code instruction into the appropriate machine language instruction
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Syntax Errors
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Illegal uses of key words, operators, punctuation, and other language elements
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Translated Machine Language Instructions
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Object code and object file
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Run-Time Library
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The extensive collection of code that is equipped to perform common operations or sometimes difficult tasks
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Executable File
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Contains machine language instructions (executable code) and is ready to run on the computer
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IDEs (Integrated Development Environments)
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Enviroments that are on many development systems that consist of a text editor, compiler, debugger, and other utilities integrated into a package with a single set of menus
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Key Words (Reserved Words)
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Words that have a special meaning; may only be used for their intended purpose
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Programmer-Defined Identifiers
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Words or names identified by the programmer; are symbolic names that refer to variables or programming routines
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Operators
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Perform operations on one or more operands (a piece of data, like a number)
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Punctuation
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Characters that mark the beginning or ending of a statement, or separate items in a list
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Syntax
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Rules that must be followed when constructing a program; dictates how key words and operators may be used, and where punctuation symbols must appear
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Hierarchy Chart
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A diagram that graphically depicts the structure of a program
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Flowchart
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A diagram that shows the logcal flow of a program
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Pseudocode
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A cross between human language and a programming language
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Logical Errors
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Misstakes that cause the program to produce erroneous results
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Desk-Checking
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When the programmer starts reading the program, or a portion of the program, and steps through each statement
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Procedural Programming
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The programmer constructs procedures (also called functions), which are collections of programming statements that perform a speciifc task; procedures contain their own variables and commonly share variables with other procedures
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Object-Oriented Programming
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Centerd on the object (a programming element that contains data and the procedures that operate on the data)
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Preprocessor Directive
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Reads the program before it is compiled and only executes those lines beginning with a # symbol
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Function
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A group of one or more programming statements that collectively have a name
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String Literal/String Constant
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The group of characters inside quotation marks
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Console Output
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Plain Text
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Stream Object
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An object that works with streams of data
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Variable Definition
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Tells the compiler the variable's name and the type of data it will hold
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Identifier
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A programmer-defined name that represents some element of a program
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Null Terminator/Null Character
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Marks the end of the string
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Floating-Point
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A data type that allows fractional values
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Mantissa
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The first part of a fractional number that is expressed as a decimal
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Truncated
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When part of a value is discarded
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Boolean Expressions
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Expressions that have a true or false value
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Scope
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The part of the program where a specified variable may be used
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Unary
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Operators taht require a single operand
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Binary
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Operators that work with two operands
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Ternary
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Operators that work with three operands
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