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179 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who invented the analytical engine?
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Charles Babbage
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What is the most common input device?
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Keyboard and Mouse
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What are peripherals?
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a device such as a monitor, printer, or keyboard that connects to the system units through ports
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What are three examples of output devices?
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printers, cameras, and scanners
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what is the most common pointing device?
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mouse
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What are two kinds of mice?
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Optical and Wireless
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what are three indicators of secure browsing?
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verisign seal
closed padlock or key icon https:// |
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What is a pixel?
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a single point that creates the images on a computer monitor.
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Define RAM
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Random Access Memory; stores instructions and data. temporary or volatile storage
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Define Binary
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The language computers use to process into information, consisting of only the values 0 and 1
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Ergonomics
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how a user sets up his or her computer and other equipment to minimize risk of injury or discomfort
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Define HTTP
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HyperText Transfer Protocol, it allows files to be transferred from a computer that hosts the web site you are requesting so you can see the website on your computer by using a browser
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Define Flash Memory
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Commonly used for various kinds of solid-state memory
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Define Expansion Cards
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A circuit board which can be plugged into one of a computers expansion slots to provide some optional extra facility
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Define FTP
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File Transfer Protocol; used to upload and download files from one computer to another
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Define XML
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Extensible Markup Language; set of rules for encoding documents in machine-readable form
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What does a Microprocessor do?
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contains the central processing unit
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Who are the authors of VisiCalc?
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Dan Bricklin and Bob Frankston
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Define Algorithm
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a detailed sequence of actions to perform to accomplish some task
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Define ASCII
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American Standard Code for Information Interchange; the basis of character sets used in almost all present-day computers
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Define Applications
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a designer's or developer's suite of software that helps programs isolate the business logic in their program from the platform-related code
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What are the ports of a search engine?
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spider, indexer program, software
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Define Spider
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collects data on the web
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Define indexer program
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organizes the data
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Define software
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searches the indexed data pulling out the relevant information
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Define Operating System
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The system software that controls the way in which the computer system functions, including the management of hardware, peripherals and software
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Define Integrated Circuit
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a tiny region of semiconductor material such as silicon that supports a huge number of trasistors
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Define GPS
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Global Positioning System; help you navigate unfamiliar territory
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Define PDF
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Portable Document Format; Transfers any file regardless of its application
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What is Hardware?
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any part of the computer you can physically touch
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Define Email
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messages automatically passed from one computer user to another, often through computer networks and/or via modems over telephone lines
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Define Kilobyte
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1024 bytes
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What are the function keys?
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act as shortcut keys, you press to perform special tasks (f keys)
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What did Tim Berners-Lee invent?
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the first web browser
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What preceded the Internet?
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ARPANET
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Define XML
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Extensible Markup Language; set of rules for encoding documents in machine-readable form
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What does a Microprocessor do?
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contains the central processing unit
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Who are the authors of VisiCalc?
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Dan Bricklin and Bob Frankston
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Define Algorithm
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a detailed sequence of actions to perform to accomplish some task
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Define ASCII
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American Standard Code for Information Interchange; the basis of character sets used in almost all present-day computers
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Define Applications
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a designer's or developer's suite of software that helps programs isolate the business logic in their program from the platform-related code
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What are the ports of a search engine?
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spider, indexer program, software
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Define Spider
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collects data on the web
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Define indexer program
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organizes the data
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Define software
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searches the indexed data pulling out the relevant information
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Define Operating System
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The system software that controls the way in which the computer system functions, including the management of hardware, peripherals and software
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Define Integrated Circuit
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a tiny region of semiconductor material such as silicon that supports a huge number of trasistors
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Define GPS
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Global Positioning System; help you navigate unfamiliar territory
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Define PDF
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Portable Document Format; Transfers any file regardless of its application
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What is Hardware?
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any port of the computer you can physically touch
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Define Email
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messages automatically passed from one computer user to another, often through computer networks and/or via modems over telephone lines
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Define Kilobyte
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1024 bytes
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What are the function keys?
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act as shortcut keys, you press to perform special tasks (f keys)
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What did Tim Berners-Lee invent?
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the first web browser
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What preceded the Internet?
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ARPANET
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1000 megabytes=
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1 gigabyte
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Byte
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smallest addressable unit of storage (8bits)
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Bugs
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an unwanted and unintended property of a program or piece of harware especially one that causes it to malfunction
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Broadband Connection
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a high data rate internet access
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Bit
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the unit of information; the smallest unit of storage
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Backward Compatibility
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able to share data or commands with older versions of itself or sometimes older systems
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ARPANET
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Advanced Research Projects Agency Network;served as the basis for early networking research as well as a central backbone during the development of the Internet
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Laser Printer
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a non-impact high resolution printer which uses a rotating disk to reflect laser beams to form an electrostatic image
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DSL
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Digital Subscriber Line; a type of connection to the internet and allows both phone and data transmissions to share the same line
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What replaced the Vaccum Tube?
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Transistor
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What are 4 examples of browsers?
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Internet Explorer
Mozilla Firefox Safari Chrome |
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.com
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generic TLD
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.edu
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Educational Websites
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.gov
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government websites
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TLD
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Top Level Domain; part of the URL that follows the domain name
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Internet
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a network of networks that is the largest network in the world, connects millions of computers from more than 100 countries
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Folders
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a collection of files stored on a computer
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Alignment of Text
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how and where the text lines up
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Advantages of non-impact printers
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less expensive
quieter faster better print quality |
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PDA
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Personal Digital Assistant; a small device that enables a user to carry digital info
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Mobile Computer Limits
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3 aspects:
mobile communication mobile hardware mobile software |
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Mobile Computer Devices
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PDA, touch screen interface, smart phones
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Herman Hollerith
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American statistician who developed a mechanical tabulator based on punched cards to rapidly tabulate statistics from millions of pieces of data
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Function: Network Adapter
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software packages that stimulate the functions of a network card
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Function of Disk Defragmenter
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utility included in microsoft windows designed to increase access speed by rearranging files stored on a disk to occupy contiguous storage locations, a technique known as defragmenting. purpose is to optimize the time it takes to read and write files to/from the disk by minimizing head travel time and maximizing the transfer rate
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use for router
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electronic device that intercepts signals on a computer network. Determines where the signals have to go
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Rules for Passwords
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at least 14 characters, including numbers symbols upper-lowercase letters
-not associated with you change password regularly |
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Scanner
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An input device that takes in an optical image and digitizes it into an electronic image represented as binary data
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ROM BIOS
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read-only memory basic input/output system
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Unicode
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an encoding scheme that uses 16 bits instead of the 8 bits used in ASCII. Unicode can represent more that 65,000 unique character symbols, enabling it to represent the alphabets all modern languages and all historic languages and notational systems
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URL
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Uniform Resource Locator
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USB
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Universal Serial Bus
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User Interface
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Part of the operating system that enables individuals to interact with the computer
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Utility Program
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A small program that performs many of the general housekeeping tasks for the computer. Such as system maintenance and file compression
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Vertical Market Software
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software that is developed for and customized to a specific industry's needs as opposed to software that is useful across a range of industries
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VOIP
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Voice Over Internet Protocol; the transmission of phone calls over the same data lines and networks that make up the Internet
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Web Browser
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Software installed on a computer system that allows individuals to locate, view and navigate the web
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WWW
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World Wide Web
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Intellectual property
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The ownership of ideas and control over the tangible or virtual representation of those ideas
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Server
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a computer that provides resources to other computer on a network
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Shareware
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Software that enables users to "test" the software by running it for a limited time free of charge
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Transistor
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An electrical switch that is built out of layers of a special type of material called semiconductor
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Slot
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a connection in a computer
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Protocol
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A set of formal rules describing how to transmit data, esp across a network
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Spam
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unwanted or junk email
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Software License
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an agreement between the user and the software developer that must be accepted before installing the software on a computer
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Expansion Card
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a circuit board with specific function that augment the computer's basic functions and provixe connections to other devices; examples include the sound card and video card
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MS-DOS
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Microsoft Disk Operating System; a single user, single task operating system created by Microsoft. It was the first widely installed operating system in personal computers
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Copyrighted
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protected by a copyright. A copyright is the exclusive right to make copies license and otherwise exploit a literary, musical or artistic work for fifty years or until death
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multitasking
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The capability of the operating system to allow a user to perform more than one task at a time
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Compatibility
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software capable of being run on another computer without change
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nanotechnology
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the science of using nanostructures to build devices on an extremely small scale
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CMS
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Concert Multi-thread Architecture
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RAW
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a file format for:
raw image format x caliber software Masslynx |
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Nanosecond
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one billionth of a second
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Megabytes
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can hold approximately 768 pages of typed text
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Text Format
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would ensure that everyone can read your file, no matter which word processing program they are using
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Unix
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multiuser, multitask operating system used as a network operating, primarily with mainframes
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WYSISYG
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what you see is what you get
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HTML
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hyper text markup language
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impact printer
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uses tiny hammer-like keys that strike the paper through an inked ribbon, thus making a mark on the paper
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Digitized
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to convert data to digital form for use in a computer
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Device Driver
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software to control a hardware component or peripheral device of a computer such as magnetic disk, magnetic tape or printer
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Laser Printer
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a non-impact pringter known for quick and quiet production and high quality printouts
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CPU
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central processing unit; key component of a computer system, which contains the circuitry necessary to intercept and execute program instructions
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Moore's Law
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a prediction that states that they number of transistors on a CPU chip will double every two years
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DTP
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Desktop Publishing Software; computer programs that combine graphics and word processing tools to allow the user to create documents
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template
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a form included in many prodiuctivity applications that provides th basic stursture for a particular kind of document, spreadsheet of presentation
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speech-recognition software
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software that translates spoken words into typed text
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Motherboard
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a special circuit board in the system unit that contains the cpu, the memory chips and the slots. available for expansion cards all of the other boards connect to it to receive power and to communicate.
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measures of processor speed
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clock speed but also by cache memory and front side bus
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Hot-Swappable
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to describe functions of replacing computer system components without shutting down the system
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Querying
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to request for information from a database
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monitor resolution
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measured in pixels, width by height. aspect ration of 4:3
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Encryption
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any procedure used in cryptography to convert plain text into ciphertext in order to prevent any but the intended recipient from reading that data
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AVI
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Audio Video Interleave
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Archive
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a single file containing one one or more separate files plus into to allow them to be extracted by a suitable program
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MAC
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media access control; the lower sublayer of the OSI data link layer. the interface between a node's logical link control and the networks physical layer
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Web Server
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HTTP Server; a server process running at a website which sends out web pages in response to HTTP requests from remote browsers
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Sorting
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to arragne a collection of items in some specified order
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MPEG
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moving picture experts group
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DAC
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digital analog converter
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JPEG
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Joint photographic Experts Group
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IP Address
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the 32-bit number uniquely identifying a node on a network using Internet Protocol
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Hub
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a device connected to several other devices
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footprint
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the amount of disk or RAM taken up by a program or file
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Bluetooth Range
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a type of wireless technology that uses radio waves to transmit data over short distances. oftern used to connect peripherals such as printers and keyboards to computer or headsets to cell phones
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File Path
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the exact location of a file, stating with the drive in which the file is located and including all folders, subfolders, the file names and the extension
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Anti virus
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software that is specifically designed to detect viruses and protect a computer and files from harm
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Open Source
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program code made publicly available for free, it can be copied, distributed or changed without the stringent copyright protections of property software products
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Trojan Horse
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A computer program that appears to be something useful or desirable, but at the same time does something malicious in the background without the user's knowledge
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Sampling Rate
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the number of times per second a signal is measured and converted to a digital value. measured in kilobits per second
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Developed GUI
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Graphical User Interface; unlike the command and menu driven interfaces used in earlier software, GUIs display graphics and use the pint and click technique of the mouse and cursor, making them much more user friendly
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Ethernet vs Modem
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Ethernet port- a port that is slightly larger than a standard phone jack and transfers data at speeds of up to 10,000 Mbps; used to connect a computer to a DSL or cable modem or a network
Modem Port- a port that uses a traditional telephone signal to connect a computer to the Internet |
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Backup
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a windows utility that allows the user to breate a duplicate copy of all the data on a hard drive and copy it to another storage device, such as DVD or external hard drive
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Blu-Ray
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a methos of optical storage for difital data, developed for storing high definition media. It has the largest storage capacity of all optical storage options
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DNS Server
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Domain name system server
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Firewall
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a software program or hardware device designed to prevent unauthorized access to computer or networks
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Fire wire
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an interface based on a standard developed by the Istitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers with transfer rates of 400 and 800 megabits per second
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FSB
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Front Side Bus
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ISP
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Internet Service Provider; a company that connects individuals, groups, and other companies to the Internet
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LAN
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Local Area Network; a network in which the nodes are located within a small geographic area
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MAN
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Metropolitan Area Network; a wide area network that links users in a specific geographic area
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PAN
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personal area network
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LCD
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Liquid Crystal Display; the technology used in flat-panel computer monitors
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megahertz
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measure of processing speed eaual to 1 million hertz
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gigahertz
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one billion hertz
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Network
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a group of tow or more computer that are configured to share information and resources such as printers, files, and databases
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Plug N Play
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a small software program that "plugs in" to a web browser to enable a specific function
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PMP
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Portable Media Player; a small portable device that enables you to carry your MP3s or other media files around with you
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Repeater
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a device that is installed on a long cable run to amplify a signal
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Restore
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the snapshot of the entire system's setting that windows creates everytime the computer is started or when a new application or drier is installed
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Router
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a device that routes packets of data between two or more networks
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Switch
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a device for transmitting data on a network. makes decisions based on the media access control address of the data as to where the data is to be sent
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Synchronizing
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The process of updating data so that the files on different systems are the same
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Virtual Memory
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The space on the hard drive where the operating system stores data if there isnt enough RAM to hold all of the programs you're currently trying to run
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WAN
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Wide Area Network; a network made up of local area networks connected over long distances
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Wizards
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a step by step guide that walks you through the necessary steps to complete a complicated task
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WML
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Wireless Markup Language; a format for writing content viewed on a cellualr phone or personal digital assistant that is text-based and contains no graphics
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Multi-core Technology
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when a chip uses two or more processors on the same chip to enable the execution of two sets of instruction at the same time
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QWERTY Keyboard
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a keyboard that gets its name from the first six letters on the top-left row on alphabetic keys on the keyboard
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Public Domain
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The status of Software that are not protected by copyright
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Plug-ins
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a small software program that "plugs in" to a web browser to enable a specific function
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Center Justification
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the placement of controls or text where every item is centered on an imaginary vertical line in the center of the window
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