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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Transistor
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Invented in 1948 as a substitute for the vacuum tube. It is a known as a second generation computer that first appeared in computers in 1956.
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Why use a spreadsheet?
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Speed, accuracy, automatic calculations, easy to change data, to do what "if" questions, and to produce charts, graphs, and tables
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Third Generation computers -mid 1960s:
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100s of transistors into an integrated circuit on a silicon chip
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Fourth Generation 1971
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the microprocessor, which is a single silicon chip containing all of a computer's computational components.
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Silicon Valley
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The name given to California's San Jose area, because dozens of semiconductor manufacturing companies sprouted and grew there
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PCs
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Personal Computers. This revolution bega in the late 1970s, when Apple, Commodore, Tandy, and other companies introduced low cost, microprocessor-based computers
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Moore's law
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He predicted that the number of transistors that could be packed into a silicon chip of the same price would roughly double every two years for the next 20 years
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Embedded system
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A microprocessor used as a component of a larger system. These types of microprocessors are found inside building thermostats, traffic lights, and other kinds of consumer goods.
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Firmware
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a hybrid of hardware and software, occurs when a program is immortalized on a silicon chip
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Workstation
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A high-end desktop computer with massive computing power
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Peripherals
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An external device such as a monitor or keyboard connected to the central processing unit via cables
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PDAs
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Personal Digital Assistants. Originally designed to serve as pocket sized digital address books and day planners that could share data with PCs, but they quickly evolved into multi-purpose handheld computers
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A server
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Is a computer that provides other computers connected to the network with access to data, programs, or other resources. For example, Web servers respond to requests for Web pages, database servers handle database queries, and print servers provide other computers with access to a printer
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Mainframe computers
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Room sized computers that did most of the information processing before the microcomputer revolution
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A computer terminal (thin client)
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Is a combination keyboard and screen with little local processing power, but it transfers information to and from a mainframe computer or server
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Timesharing
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A technique that allows a mainframe computer to communicate with several users simultaneously
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Supercomputers
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Constructed of thousands of microprocessors. They are super-fast and super-powerful
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Network
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A computer system that links two or more computers
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Internet
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A global interconnected network composed of thousands of networks
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World Wide Web
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Developed after the internet in the 1990s. It provides a vast tract of the internet accessibility to just about anyone
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Browsers
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Programs like Internet Explorer and Firefox, that serve as navigable windows into the web
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Hypertext links on Web pages
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Loosely tie together millions of Web pages created by divers authors, making the Web into a massive, ever changing global information storehouse.
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Paradigm Shift
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A change in the way of thinking that results in a new way of seeing the world
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Application programs
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Also known as applications are the soft-ware tools that transform general-purpose computers from PDAs and smart phones to PCs and mainframes, into special purpose tools necessary to meet practical needs
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Digital Divide
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A term that is used to describe the difference between people who do and do not have access to the internet
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Software
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Instructions that tell the hardware what to do in order to transform input into output
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Hardware
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Physical parts of the computer system
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