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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the nine different quadrents of the abdomen? |
Right hypocondriac region, Epigastric region, Left Hypocondriac region. Right Lumbar region, Unbilical region, Left Lumbar region. Right Illiac region, Hypogastric region, Left illiac region. |
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What are the four different quadrents when doing an abdominal examination? |
Upper right, upper left, Lower right and lower left. All quadrents |
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What are the organs found in the Right hypocondriac region? . What are the organs found in the epigastric region? . What are the organs found in the left hypocondriac region? |
Ascending colin, gall baldder, liver, right kidney, small intestine and transverse colon. . Esophagus, liver, pancras, left and right adrenal glands, left and right kidneys, small intestine, spleen, stomach, transverse colon. . Descending colon, left kidney, liver, pancreas, small intestine, spleen, stomach, transverse colon. |
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What organs are found in the right lumbar region? . What organs are found in the umbilical region? . What organs are found in the left lumbar region? |
Ascending colon, gall bladder, liver, right kidney, small intestine. . Cisterna chya, pancreas, L and R kindey and L and R ureters, small intestine, stonach and transverse colon. . Descending colon, left kidney and small intestine. |
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What are the organs found in the right illiac region? . What are the organs found in the hypogastric region? . What are the organs found in the left illiac region? |
Appendix, cecum and ascending colon, right fallopian ture, right overy, small intestine. . Prostate, rectum, L & R fallopian tubes, L & R overies, L & R ureters, seminal vessicle, sigmoid colon, small intestine, urinary bladder, uterus, vas deference. . L fallopial tube, L ovary, small intestien, descending colon, sigmoid colon. |
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Pain in the epigastric region can be from what? |
AAA, cholecystitis, oseophageits, gastritis, myocardial ischaemia and pancreatits. |
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Pain in the upper right quadrent can be from what? |
Cholesystitis, heaptitis, pancreatitis, preforated ulcer, R renal pain. |
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Pain in the upper Left quadrent can be from What? |
Gastritis, pancreatitis, L renal pain. |
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Lower right quadrent pain can be from what? |
Abdominal aortic dissection/rupture, appendicitis, hernia, overain cyst (R), Ovarian/testicular torsion, pelvic inflamation disease, ruptured ectopic pregnancy, urinary calculus. |
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Lower left quatrent pain can be from what? |
Abdominal aortic dissection/rupture, diverticulitis, hernia, overain cyst (R), Ovarian/testicular torsion, pelvic inflamation disease, ruptured ectopic pregnancy, urinary calculus. |
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What nerves are matched with the epigastrium and periumbilical regions? |
- vagus nerve (parasympathetic) - greater throacic splanchnic nerves (sympathetic) |
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Wht nerves are matched with the hypogastrium region? |
- Pelvic splanchnic nerves (parasympathetic) - lesser throacic splanchnic nerves (sympathetic) |
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What are a heap of questions that you should ask during an abdominal assessment? |
OPQRST - Any Nausea, vomiting, dyspnoes, diarrhoes, general feeling unwell. Ever had anything like this before? Past history? ssociated symptoms, duration, releving factors? |
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What types of problems can cause a sudden onset of pain (full pain in seconds)? |
- Ruptured AAA - Perforated ulcer - mesenteric infarction - ruptured ectopic pregnancy - ovarian torsion or ruptured cyst - PE |
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Wht types of problems can cause a rapid onset of pain (inintial sensation to full pain over minutes or hours)? |
- Strandulated hernia - volvulus (twisted bowel) - intussusception (bowel folds on itself) - diverticulitis (pockets of poo stuck in bowel, if the pockets then get infected D:) - Acure pancreatitis - Biliary colic (blockage to bile duct) - Ureteral and renal colic (kidney stones or something blocking the tubules) |
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What types of problems can cause gradual onset (hours) of pain? |
- appendicitis - strangulated hernia - chronic pancreatitis - peptic ulcer disease - inflammatory bowel disease - Mesenteric lymphadenitis - cystitis and urinary retention - salpingitis and prostatitis |
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What are the four parts of an abdominal examination? |
1) Inspection 2) palpation (remember to always start away from the pain) 3) percussion 4) Auscultation |
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What do you look for during inspection of the abdomen? |
Mass, bruising, distension, ascites, bloating, haundice, herniation, surgical scars, stretch marks. |
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What do you feel for during palpation of the abdomen? |
Palpable mass, pulsatile mass, texture, fluid, temperature, guarding, soft, tender, crepitus and trapped subcutaneous gas or fluid. |
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What can the different percussion tones mean? What are some examples? |
- Tympanic (the loudest) - gastric bubbles. - Hyperresonance - air filled lungs. - Resonance - healthy lungs. - Dullness (heard over organs) - liver. - Flat (the quietest) - muscle.
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What are the four thing you listen for during auscultation? |
Assess the: pitch, intensity, duration and quality of the sound heard. |
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What are the different types and locations of abdominal pain? |
Visceral pain: Organ pain, stimulation of autonomic nerve fibres that sorround a hollow organ, distension or stretching of hollow rogans or ligaments, cramping. Somatic pain: produced by bacterial or chemical irritation of cerve fibres in the peritoneum (peritonitits). Constant, sharp and stabbing pain. Localised to specific area, guarding, rebound tenderness. Referred pain: Pain in a part of the body removed frm the tissues that cause the pain. |
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What are the reftered location of pain from irritated structures? |
Diaphragmatic - supraclavicular area (Kehr's sign) Ureteral - Hypogastric, groin and inner thigh. Cardiac pain - Epigastrium, jaw and sholder. Appendix - periumbilical via T10 nerve Duodenum - unbilical region via greater thoracic splanchnic nerve. Hiatus hernia - Epigastrium via T7 and T8 nerves. Pancreas or gallbladder - Epigastrium Gallbladder and bile duct - Epigastric pain that wraps around to the scapula. |
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What are the contraversal ideas sourounding the use of opoids for pain relief and what are the ideas sourounding it now? |
Traditionally, it was thought that the use of opoids in patients would lead to loss of abdominal signs, resulting is missed diagnosis. This widely held idea has been disproved in many studies, in fact, the use of opoids in abdomical pain is not only safe, but actually aids diagnosis by facilitation physical examination and relaxing the abdominal musculature. |
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What is Cullens sign? . What is Kehrs sign? . What is McBurneys sign? |
- Bluish periumbilical discoloration. Retroperitoneal haemorrhge (heamorrhagic pancreatitis, abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture) - Severe left sholder pain (Splinc rupture and ectopic pregnancy rupture) - Tenderness located 2/3 distance from anterior iliac spine to umbilicus on the right side (appendicitis) |
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What is Murphys sign? . What is Iliopsoas sign? . What is Obturators sign? |
- Abrupt interuption of inspication on palpation of right upper quadrent (acute cholecystitis) - Hyperextension of right hip causing abdominal pain (appendicitis) - Internal rotation of flexed right hip causing abdominal pain (Appendicitis. |
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What is the Grey-turners sign? . What is the chandelier sign? . What is the rovsings sign? |
- Dicoloration of the flanks (Retroperitoneal haemorrhage (hemorrhagic pancreatitis, abdominal aortic aneyrysm rupture)) - Manipulation of cervix causes pt to lift buttocks off table (Pelvic inflammatory disease) - Right lower quadrent pain with palpation of the left lower quadrent (appendicitis) |
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What are the signs that are associated with Appendicites? |
McBurneys sign, Iliopsoas sign, Obturators sign and Rovsings sign. |
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What are the signs that are associated with Retroperitoneal haemorrhage? |
Cullens sign and Grey-turners sign. |
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What sign is associated with Pelvic inflammatory disease? |
Chandeliers sign. |
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What sign is associated with acute cholecystitis? |
Murphys sign. |
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What sign in associated with splenic rupture and ectopic pregnancys? |
Kehrs sign. |
