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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Hardware
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any physical component involved with the computer's operation
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Software
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the programs that are executed on a computer
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Operating System
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a very large and complex program that allows users of the computer to execute commands or application software on the computer
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CPU (Central Processing Unit)
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where the computer executes its intructions
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ALU (Arithmetic and Logic Unit)
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operations like addition and multiplication are done here along with comparisons like >, <, and equality
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Peripheral Device
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externally connected to the computer, it can perform the desired I/O operations from the computer. (printer, external zip drive, etc.)
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Primary Memory
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directly accessible by the CPU and ALU, it is for short term storage, and it is where your programs will reside while executing
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I/O (Input/Output)
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information that goes into the software (and comes out of it)
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RAM
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primary memory is made up of random access memory
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Bit (Binary Digit)
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this is either a 0 or 1 (high or low voltage). All information in the computer is stored as some number of bits. (Each character is a byte)
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Byte
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an 8 bit quantity. (Everything on the computer is interperated in base 2)
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K
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1024(2 to the 10th power). 128K is really 128 x 1024 bytes
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M
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1024 * 1024(2 to the 20th power). 1 megabyte is roughly one million bytes.
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G
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2 to the 30th power. 1 Gigabyte is roughly one billion bytes.
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Files
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the named entity on the computer to hold all relevant information on one topic. This is stored on a secondary memory device. (Think of a file as a notebook in a bookcase!) We will be using floppies, zip disks, or your own personal, shared (but accessible only by you), MIKENET server disk area.)
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Secondary Memory
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for long term storage. Zip disks, floppy disks, CDs, flash drives, etc., can hold the desired information for retrieval at a later time
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Machine language
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the strings of 0's and 1's that the computer can understand which represent the instructions it can execute
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Assembly language
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a low level language that is understandable by humans; it has a direct 1-1 correspondence with the machine language instruction
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High Level Language (HLL)
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is removed from what the machine's instructions are and is more English-like. HLLs use statements instead of instructions, but a statement will be changed into machine language instructions. Usually, one statement will translate into anywhere from 4 to 50 instructions.
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Compiler
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this is another very complex program that will translate your program that is written in a HLL, into a machine language that the computer can understand, or the interpreted bytecode that will run on any computer that has a Java Virtual Machine that understands and executes bytecode
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Basic (Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code)
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an early HLL to aid in the learning of the art and science of programming. (MS Visual Basic); designed at Dartmouth
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C, C++
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created at Bell Laboratories (now Lucent Technologies)
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Syntax
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a rigid set of rules specifying which entities are valid or invalid
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Semantics
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what is the meaning of something, in our case a HLL statement, i.e., what actions does the computer do when it executes a statement
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