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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How does energy transfer work in regards to cryotherapy?
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Energy always transfers from an area of high energy (heat) to and area of low energy (cool), taking heat OUT of the body
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What is conduction? Give an example using cryotherapy.
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direct collision between molecules at different temperatures - ice pack
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What is convection? Give an example using cryotherapy.
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Contact between a circulating medium and another material at different temperatures - cold whirlpool
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What is radiation?
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transfer of energy through the traveling of electromagnetic waves, across the air, from the warmer to the cooler substance or body
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What is evaporation? Give an example using cryotherapy.
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Transfer of heat from the body by conversion of a volatile liquid into a vapor when the liquid is applied to the skin (transition of liquid --> gas requires energy, which is taken from the skin) - vapocoolant
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What is conversion energy transfer? Give an example of a modality that uses conversion.
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one form of energy to another - ultrasound
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What factors influence a patient's response to cold therapy?
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Temperature difference, time of exposure, tissue type (bone > muscle > fat), agent (type of cooling agent), total body surface area covered
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What are some hemodynamic effects of cryotherapy?
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Vasoconstriction, reflex vasoconstriction, edema control, increase in blood viscosity,
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What is reflex vasoconstriction?
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Vasoconstriction of deeper and distal tissue; cold triggers reflex activation of sympathetic adrenergic fibers, which release norepinepherine surrounding blood vessels causing vasoconstriction and an increase in BP
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What is one thing you can apply, in conjunction with cold, to control edema?
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compression
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What are some metabolic effects of cryotherapy?
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Decreases metabolic rate (reduces potential for further cell death due to hypoxia), decreases inflammatory processes
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What are some neuromuscular effects of cryotherapy?
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Alters peripheral nerve activity, decreases sensory and motor conduction velocity (which decreases pain), may increase (short duration) or decrease (long) muscle strength, decrease spasticity
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How does cryotherapy decrease muscle spasticity?
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Decreases gamma motor neuron activity
decreases amplitude of deep tendon reflexes decreases frequency/duration of clonus (alternate contract/relax - stuck) |
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What are some adverse effects of cryotherapy?
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tissue death, frostbite, nerve damage
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Name some indications of cryotherapy?
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acute/subacute, traumatic, postsurgical injuries, inflammation, pain, muscle spasm, spasticity disorders
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What is RICE and MICE?
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Rest Ice Compression Elevation
Motion (CONTROLLED) Ice Compression Elevation |
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What is cryokinetics?
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Alternating ice and exercise so the exercise is as pain free as possible
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How can we use cryotherapy to treat muscle spasticity?
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Applying ice to spastic muscle for 10-30 minutes may reduce hypertonus for up to 90 minutes, allowing the patient to perform functional training more easily (gait!)
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