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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was Jerusalem?
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A holy city for people of three faiths: Jews, Christians, and Muslims.
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What Muslim people from central Asia took Jerusalem?
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Seljuk Turks
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Why was the Crusades an advantage for knights?
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All were promised immediate salvation in heaven if they fought.
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What was the result of the First Crusade?
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It reinforced the authority of the church and strengthened the self-confidence of western Europeans.
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What was the result of the Second Crusade?
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Louis VII and Conrad III were easily defeated by the Turks.
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Who was Saladin?
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A leader of the Muslims who captured Jerusalem.
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Who was the only leader who lasted in the Third Crusade and what was the result?
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Richard, who signed a truce with the Muslims.
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What did the Fourth Crusade do?
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It seriously weakened the Byzantine Empire.
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What were two of the main effects of the Crusades in general?
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They helped break down fedualism and increase the authority of the kings.
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What did the Crusaders learn from the Muslims?
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The learned how to build better ships, make more accurate maps, use magnetic compasses to tell direction, and improve weaponry.
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What were two new agricultural advantages of the Middle Ages?
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A new plow and collar harness for horses.
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What were some overall effects of the Crusades?
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They helped break down feudalism and increase the authority of kings.
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What products were trades at Middle Eastern markets?
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Porcelain, silk, and silver.
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What was the money economy?
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An economy based on money.
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What was the bubonic plague?
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The Black Death that killed mor than one-third of the population.
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What was the primary function of the merchant guild?
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TO maintain a monopoly of the local market for its members.
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What were masters?
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Artisans who owned their own shops and employed less-skilled employees as helpers.
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What did the root burg refer to?
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Anyone living in the town.
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What were charters?
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Documents that gave townspeople the right to control their own affairs.
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Who was an early scholastic teacher who taught theology in Paris?
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Peter Abelard
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What were troubadours?
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Traveling poet-musicians.
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What was the vernacular?
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The language of everyday speech.
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Who wrote the divine comedy?
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Dante Alighieri
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Who was Geoffrey Chaucer?
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He produced the Canterbury Tales.
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What style were early medieval churches built in?
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Romanesque
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What was the Hundred Years' War?
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The long-lasting war between the French and the English.
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What caused the English success at first in the Hundred Years' War?
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The cannon and the longbow.
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Who was Joan of Arc?
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A 17-year old girl whose courage helped the French rally against the English.
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What did Louis XI do?
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He strengthened the bureacracy, kept the nobles under royal control, and promoted trade and agriculture.
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Who was the War of Roses between?
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The house of Lancaster:Red and the house of York: White.
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What did King Henry VII do?
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Eliminated royal claimants to the throne, avoided costly foreign wars, and increased royal power over the nobles.
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What did the Iberian Peninsula consist of?
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Portugal in the west, Castile in the center, and Aragon on the Mediterranean coast.
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What were cortes?
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Assemblies in which nobles were powerful had the right to review royal policies.
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What were the Jews and Moors known for?
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Banking, business, and intellectual skills.
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What did the Inquisition believe?
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That Jews and Moors who had converted to Catholicism were still practicing their old religions.
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What was the kingdom of Hungary made up of?
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Magyars, Germans, and Slavs.
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How was Hungary's King defeated?
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By Suleiman I and the Battle of Mohacs.
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What are pilgrimages?
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Journeys to holy places.
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What was the Babylonian Captivity?
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The long period of exile of the popes at Avignon.
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What did John Wycliffe criticize?
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The Church's wealth, corruption among the clergy, and the pope's claim to absolute authority.
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Who was Jan Hus?
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The leader of the Czech religious reform movement.
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