Crr Week 1: Histology Of The Urinary System

Front 1

What are the 2 types of nephrons that have been identified.

Which are more numerous?

Back 1

1. Juxtamedullary nephrons
2. Cortical nephrons (more numerous)

Front 2

Describe the blood flow of the kidney.

Back 2

1. Renal Artery
2. Interlobar arteries
3. Arcuate arteries
3. Interlobular arteries
4. Afferent arterioles
5. Glomerulus
5. Efferent arterioles
6. Peritubular capillary networks or vasa recta

Front 3

What type nephrons have efferent arterioles that give rise to peritubular capillary networks?

Back 3

Cortical nephrons

Front 4

Which type of nephrons have efferent arterioles that give rise to vasa recta?

Back 4

Juxtamedullary nephrons

Front 5

What are mesangial cells?

Back 5

Specialized connective tissue cells that support the glomerulus and act as phagocytic cells.

*May contract under hormonal stimulation

Front 6

What type of epithelium composes the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule?

Back 6

Simple squamous epithelium

Front 7

What type of cells compose the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule?

Back 7

Podocytes

Front 8

Where is the primary site of filtration within the renal corpuscle?

Back 8

Basal lamina between the endothelium and the podocytes

Front 9

What is the densest part of the basal lamina of the renal corpuscle?

Back 9

Meshwork of type IV collagen

Front 10

What are the components of the basal lamina of the renal corpuscle?

Back 10

1. Type IV collagen
2. Laminin
3. Fibronectin
5. Polyanionic proteoglycans rich in heparin sulfate

*Collagen traps large molecules and the polyanions impede passage of (-) charged molecules.

Front 11

Which cells continuously reabsorb the basal lamina?

Which cells continuously replace the basal lamina?

Back 11

Mesangial cells reabsorb

Podocytes replace

Front 12

What is the longest segment of the nephron?

Back 12

Proximan convoluted tubule

Front 13

What type of ion pump is rich in the basal membranes of cells in the PCT?

Back 13

Na+/K+-ATPase

Front 14

What is the main site of the nephron for reabsorption of proteins, metabolites, ions, and water?

Back 14

PCT

Front 15

What type of epithelium comprises the Loop of Henle?

Back 15

Cuboidal epithelium

Front 16

Compare the different lengths of the Loops of Henle found in cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons

Back 16

Cortical nephrons --> short loops of henle

Juxtamedullary nephrons --> long longs of henle

Front 17

What type of epithelium comprises the DCT?

Back 17

Cuboidal epithelium (with tight junctions)

Front 18

Which portion of the nephron is relatively impermeable to water but has a high salt uptake?

Back 18

DCT

Front 19

Where is the juxtaglomerular apparatus located within the nephron?

Back 19

DCT

Front 20

Which structure is involved in regulating activity of hormones such as ADH to maintain fluid balance and renal activity in response to changes in the blood?

Back 20

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

Front 21

What are the different cellular elements of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Back 21

1. Macula densa
2. Juxtaglomerular cells

Front 22

Cells within the macula densa are sensitive to the concentration of which ion?

Back 22

Na+

Front 23

What type of epithelial cells are found in the wall of the DCT, contacting the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle?

Back 23

Macula densa

Front 24

What type of cells are juxtaglomerular cells and where are they found?

Back 24

Specialized smooth muscle cells

Found in the wall of afferent arterioles

Front 25

What do juxtaglomerular cells secrete?

Back 25

Renin

(Acts on adrenal medulla to release aldosterone)

Front 26

What are the functions of renin?

Back 26

1. Increase resorption of Na+ via aldosterone
2. Increase blood pressure via activation of angiotensin II

Front 27

Where is erythropoietin produced?

Back 27

Interstitial (mesangial) cells of the kidney

Front 28

What type of epithelium comprises the collecting ducts?

Back 28

Cuboidal (sometimes columnar) epithelium

Front 29

What is the effect of ADH on the collecting tubules?

Back 29

Increases water permeability
(water moves into the kidney tissue, resulting in a more concentrated urine).

Front 30

What type of epithelium lines the calyces, renal pelvis, ureter, and bladder?

What is beneficial about this type of epithelium?

Back 30

Transitional epithelium

*It is highly impermeable to salts and water

Front 31

How does urine move through the ureters?

Back 31

Via peristalsis due to smooth muscle

Front 32

What type of mucous secreting glands line the urethra?

Back 32

Glands of Littre

Front 33

What type of epithelium lines the female urethra?

Back 33

Transitional epithelium near the bladder
Stratified squamous epithelium along the remainder

Front 34

The male urethra is divided into what 3 segments?

Back 34

1. Prostatic urethra
2. Membranous urethra
3. Penile urethra

Front 35

What type of epithelium comprises the prostatic urethra?

Back 35

Transitional epithelium

Front 36

What type of epithelium comprises the membranous urethra?

Back 36

1. Stratified columnar
2. Pseudostratified columnar

Front 37

What type of epithelium comprises the penile urethra?

Back 37

Stratified squamous