Cross Cultural Psych // Culture And Cognition

Front 1

Analytic Perception

Back 1

Context independent perceptual processes that focuses on a salient object independently from the context in which it is embedded.

Front 2

Attention

Back 2

The focusing of our limited capacities of consiousness on a particular set of stimuli, more of whose features are noted and processed in more depth than is true of non-focal stimuli.

Front 3

Blind Spot

Back 3

A spot in our visual field where the optic nerve goes through the layer of receptor cells on its way back toward the brain, creating a lack of sensory receptors in the eye at that location.

Front 4

Carpentered world theory

Back 4

A theory of perception that suggest that people (at least americans) are used to seeing things that are rectangular in shape, and thus unconsiously expect things to have square corners.

Front 5

Categorize

Back 5

To classify objects on the basis of percieved similiarities and attach labels (words) to those classifications

Front 6

Cognition

Back 6

A term denoting all mental processes we use to transform sensory input into knowledge

Front 7

Collective intelligence

Back 7

The general ability of a group to perform a wide variety of tasks

Front 8

Counterfactual thinking

Back 8

Hypothetical beliefs about the past that could have occurred in order to avoid or change a negative outcome.

Front 9

Dialectical thinking

Back 9

The tendency to accept what seems to be contradictions in thought or beliefs

Front 10

episodic memory

Back 10

The recollection of specific events that took place at a particular time and place in the past

Front 11

everyday cognition

Back 11

An area of study that examines cognitive skills and abilities that are used in everyday functioning that appear to develop without formal education, but from performing daily tasks of living and working.

Front 12

Gender stratifcation Hypothesis

Back 12

The idea that gender differences are related to cultural variations in opportunity structures for girls and women.

Front 13

Front-horizontal Foreshortening theory

Back 13

A theory of perception that suggests that we interpret vertical lines as horizontal lines extending into the distance. Because we interpret the vertical line in the horizontal-vertical illusion as extending away from use, we see it as longer.

Front 14

Hindsight bias

Back 14

The process in which individuals adjust their memory for something after they find out the true outcome.

Front 15

Holistic Perception

Back 15

Context dependent perceptual processes that focus on the relationships between objects and their contexts.

Front 16

Microsaccades

Back 16

Micro eye movements that help our brains fill in scenes so it looks as if we see everything

Front 17

Naive dialectivism

Back 17

A constellation of lay beliefs about the nature of the world (rather than a cognitive style as suggested by dialectual thinking). Naive dialectivism is characterized by the doctrine of the mean, or the belief that the truth is always somewhere in the middle.

Front 18

Optical illusions

Back 18

Perceptions that involve an apparent discrepancy between how an object looks and what it actually is.

Front 19

Perception

Back 19

The process of gathering information about the world through our senses; our initial interpretations of sensations.

Front 20

Positive logical determinism

Back 20

A tendency to see contradictions as mutually exclusive categories, as either-or, yes-no, one-or-the-other types of categories.

Front 21

Priming

Back 21

A method used to determine if one stimulus affects another.

Front 22

Problem Solving

Back 22

The process by which we attempt to discover ways of achieving goals that do not seem readily attainable.

Front 23

Sensation

Back 23

The feeligns that result from excitation of the sensory receptors such as touch, taste, smell, sight or hearing.

Front 24

Serial position effect

Back 24

The finding that people tend to remember something better if it is either the first or last item in a list.

Front 25

Social orientation Hypothesis

Back 25

The hypothesis that cultural differences in individualism vs. collectivism are associated with differences in social orientation patterns that affect the ways individuals attend to and think about their worlds.

Front 26

Stereotype threat

Back 26

The threat that others judgements or ones own actions will negatively stereotype one in a domain (such as academic achievement)

Front 27

Symbolizing three dimensions in two

Back 27

A theory of perception that suggests that people in western cultures focus more on representations on paper than do people in other cultures, and in particular spend more time learning to interpret pictures.