Cross Cultural Psych

Front 1

socialization

Back 1

process of becoming member of culture, taking on values, beliefs, behaviors

Front 2

enculturation

Back 2

process by which children learn/adopt manners of a culture

Front 3

acculturation

Back 3

process of adapting to a different culture; immigration

Front 4

in-group

Back 4

groups that you share something with

Front 5

out-group

Back 5

groups that you're different from

Front 6

status

Back 6

social standing, rank within a group; based on senority, education

Front 7

norms

Back 7

based on culture, general rules of society

Front 8

Social Facilitation Theory

Back 8

presence of others increases arousal and enhances the emission of individual's dominant response
-we increase social anxiety around others, which brings out our most likely response (dominant response)
-perform better front of others for a familiar well known tast vs. hard unfamiliar

Front 9

Social Loafing Theory

Back 9

situation when in groups, each person does less than if alone
-bigger the group, the more likely you are to loaf

Front 10

Social Striving

Back 10

group enhances individual performance of members
-reverse of social loafing in Asian countries!
-collectivist norms stimulate interdepent interaction

Front 11

Groupthink

Back 11

-please the group leader
-restrict your thinking to agree with the group
-occurs in other cultures

Front 12

roles

Back 12

some cultures assign more strict roles, other cultures don't assign any roles

Front 13

sanctions

Back 13

-positive or negative
-collectivist cultures tend to have more sanctions because everyone needs to fit in more

Front 14

group polarization

Back 14

group often moves to an extreme; risky or conservative shifts more likely in risky or conservative cultures

Front 15

abnormal behavior

Back 15

-maladaptive (impairment of functioning)
-deviance
-distress

Front 16

central symptoms

Back 16

symptoms present in practically all cultures (etic)

Front 17

peripheral symptoms

Back 17

symptoms culture specific (emic)

Front 18

social perception

Back 18

the process of understanding other people and ourselves

Front 19

social cognition

Back 19

how ppl think about themselves and their social world
-ex. do ppl think it is a fair place?

Front 20

attitude

Back 20

an evaluation or orientation toward any given object, idea, or person
- 3 components

Front 21

3 components of attitude (A,B,C's)

Back 21

Affect (emotional)
Behavioral
Cognitive (thinking/stereotypes)

Front 22

values

Back 22

attitudes that reflect principle, standard, or quality considered to be most desirable; more central to positions than attitudes

Front 23

Cognitive Balance Theory

Back 23

-people like balanced relationships
-want to be consistent
-always like something, or always not like it

Front 24

Cognitive Dissonance

Back 24

-two cognitions that do not fit together
-tension makes us feel uncomfortable, we want consistency
-ex. a passive nice person spanks their child
-we changer our behavior or thinking to reduce inconsistency

Front 25

attribution

Back 25

-social cognitive process of determining movives
-situational forces, external environment
-ex. your friend stands you up for lunch: try to explain-she forgot or something came up

Front 26

internal locus of control

Back 26

reinforcement depends on your own behavior, less conforming, expect that consequences follow actions

Front 27

external locus of control

Back 27

believe more in luck, external forces beyond one's control, believe they have less control, give up more easily

Front 28

Fundamental Attribution Error

Back 28

overestimate disposition (their personality), underestimate situation in others (external situation)

Front 29

Self-Serving Bias

Back 29

attribute personal success to disposition (self/personality), failure to situation (blame someone else)

Front 30

unassuming bias or group-serving bia

Back 30

-in Japan
-success is a result of external factors/luck, while failure is related to weakness or personal faults

Front 31

culture shock

Back 31

-distressful psychological reaction to new cultural environment
-symptoms:
-nostalgia for friends
-disoriented
-loss of control
-anxiety, depressive thinking
-feelings of isolation
-dissatisfied over language barriers
-loss of previous habits

Front 32

6 types of adapters identified by Anderson

Back 32

1. returnees
2. escapers
3. time servers
4. beavers
5. adjusters
6. participators

Front 33

adapter --Returnees

Back 33

leave new culture quickly, easily frustrated and give up

Front 34

adapter--Escapers

Back 34

dont really interact with people, do activities that are familiar to them

Front 35

adapter--time servers

Back 35

dont give up, "do the job," adapt well enough to get by but want to go back home

Front 36

adapter --Beavers

Back 36

work all day so dont have to interact much

Front 37

adapter --Adjusters

Back 37

make steps to attempt social interaction

Front 38

adapter --Participators

Back 38

overcome obstacles, full effective interactors, adapt very well

Front 39

stereotype

Back 39

generalized perception of group of people; rigid; positive/negative

Front 40

auto-stereotype

Back 40

stereotype of your own group

Front 41

hetero-stereotype

Back 41

stereotype of other groups