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16 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Late 1800s Political, economic, and social contexts-->Dominant ideas of what causes crime & public policy |
Late 1800s increased immigration of ppl who were culturally, linguistically, & ethnically different from majority pop.-->crime increases |
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1940-1960 Political, economic, and social contexts-->Dominant ideas of what causes crime & public policy |
WWII (1941-1945), Economic Prosperity (1946-1960), 1950s- America's youth had a lot of confidence in major social institutions (big business, military, govt., organized religion)--> crime decreases |
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1960s, 1970s Political, economic, and social contexts-->Dominant ideas of what causes crime & public policy |
Civil Rights, Feminist, & Environmental Movements, political assassinations, Vietnam War protests, America's youth had little confidence in major social institutions-->increased heroin addiction among poor young males in inner cities, & THC among college students "Baby Boomers" in crime prone yrs-+ crime |
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1980s Political, economic, and social contexts-->Dominant ideas of what causes crime & public policy |
Reagan "War on Drugs," "Zero Tolerance," "Baby Boom" generation gets older-crim |
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Late 1980s, Early 1990s Political, economic, and social contexts-->Dominant ideas of what causes crime & public policy |
+ cocaine (esp. crack) addiction, severe decline in inner cities, +drug dealing, +gangs-->+crime 1992-beating of Rodney King 1993-ATF vs. David Koresh +criticism of law enforcement 1995-OK City Bombing Timothy McVeigh 1999-Columbine HS- perception that crime is out of control
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2000s Political, economic, and social contexts-->Dominant ideas of what causes crime & public policy |
9/11/2001-law enforcement moved to more proactive stance vs. terrorism Patriot Act 2001-greatly expanded powers of US law enforcement agencies |
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Crime Control |
#1 priority crime reduction rather than individual rights abuse (conservative), police & prosecutor -->convinced as many punish |
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Due Process |
does the individual get a fair & speedy trial, x-examination of witness, txt (liberal) Based on theory that ppl's behavior is influenced by social, psychological, & biological |
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Crime Control & Due Process |
Both theories are valid & important-but most ppl & politicians tend to take 1 side or the other -strongly influenced by the nature of the social & political climate |
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1960s & early 1970s Due Process |
indeterminate sentences & parole board discretion popular. # Supreme Court decisions (p. 28) expand due process rights of adult & individuals |
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1980s Crime Control |
determinate sentencing and sentencing guidelines (based on present offense & offender's criminal record)- increase jail & prison pop. lowered the age at which youth can be tried as adults, decrease rehab...conservative but reduce racial & gender disparities somewhat |
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1200s Police History |
US Police Model- origins in England England-late 1200s -mandated draft of eligible males for service in designated communities -prosecution of citizens who don't help apprehend offenders -required citizens to maintain weapons in home |
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1720-1820 |
gin riots-constables often attacked/beaten |
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Early 1800s |
Bow St. Runners-London magistrate Henry Fielding -captured Jonathan Wild- head of vast "fencing" organization of robbers, thieves |
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1829 |
Sir Robert Peel created London Metropolitan Police-selected 1000 men outcomes: 1)discourage crime 2) preventative patrol (p. 40) Contrasts to earlier system: 1) mobile, not stationary patrol 2) uniforms 3) military style |
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Early US Experience |
colonial times-similar to England's- Police Depts originated- Philly 1830, NY 1844, Boston 1855- similar to London's |
