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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Know the common methods of selection for judges
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Executive appointment by the governor
•Election (partisan or non-partisan) •Merit selection - selected by a nominating commission |
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list and explain the role / function of judges
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interpret the law; provide ruling/judgement on cases; provide sentencing on offenders
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list and explain the role / function of court clerks
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–aka: Register of Deeds, Circuit Clerk
–Oversee jury selection, collect fees, schedule hearings, maintain court records –They’re usually not lawyers –Most think of themselves as on the same level with judges –Tend to be conservative and bureaucratic –Have a great deal of informal power |
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list and explain the role / function of court administrators
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•Provide reports / data on court activities
•Personnel administration and training •Research improved court procedures •Prepare the court budget •Jury selection and administration |
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what jury administration is and how jurors are selected
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•Create the master jury list (driver lic, voter regist)
•Random selection / summons to appear •Administer call-in system for selected parties |
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the differences between the Due Process vs. Crime Control model of courts
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–Due Process Model
•The top priority should be protecting rights of accused (suspects) •Too much power to law enforcement officials will result in a loss of freedom / civil rights •Assumes that crime is less about individual moral failure than social processes like poverty –Crime Control Model •Top priority is to protect society •Views crime as a breakdown of individual responsibility •Suspects (accused) are presumed guilty •Law enforcement should have a high degree of discretion •Punishment will deter crime |
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Basic concepts behind targeted vs. non-targeted violence in courts
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–Non-targeted (most common)
•No pre-existing plan to be violent •Person loses control •Attacks anyone who is nearby •Difficult to predict –Targeted Violence •Planned in advance •Specific persons or places are targeted •Can be predicted and detected more easily |
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Security procedures that should be used to counter potential court violence
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•Basic security procedures should always be in place (guards, metal detectors etc.)
•Profiling Potential Violence - Those with a history or experiencing extreme circumstances that may lead to desperation •Individuals who are very familiar with court / security procedures may be more likely to plan an attack •Security procedures should be altered periodically •Train workers to paying attention to warning signs and assign specific people to monitor for trouble |
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explain what problem solving courts are and give some examples
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–Courts that specialize in certain problems like delinquency, drug addiction, prostitution have become more common
•Use court power to get more involved with those in need and intervene / mandate treatment •Created as important institutions have become less stable / effective (families, religion, community etc.) |
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explain the basic concepts of how drug courts operate
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•Developed during the 1990s
•Allows non violent offenders to avoid jail •1 year program - mandates abstinence and requires frequent testing •Mandates and assists in obtaining treatment •Costs about 25% of incarceration |
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Do drug courts work to reduce crime and/or recidivism?
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•Somewhat -- studies show small reductions in recidivism
•My research also shows an increase in crime in cities that implement drug courts |
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the common reasons for court delays
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no one single person in charge; multiple "silos" working within the court system concerned with only their particular job; never ending work load; no rewards for efficiency, but punishment for mistakes
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explain the two alternative court scheduling approaches
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•Individual calendar system - assign entire case to a single judge
•Benefits –Adds continuity / stability –Reduces “judge shopping” •Problems –Judges who work quickly / efficiently get more work –If a complicated case arises, other cases must wait and get backed up. –Master Calendar System •Judges are assigned only specific parts of the process to oversee •Benefits –Allows specialization (judges do what they’re best at) •Problems –Lack of continuity (many judges involved at diff. stages) –Hard to pinpoint where delays occur |
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What are community courts and how do they differ from regular criminal courts?
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•Not simply seeking justice or to punish offenders.
•Attempts to interrupt cycles of crime and violence. •Goal is to improve “quality of life” for citizens. •Community courts differ because do not ignore minor nuisance or problem behaviors to focus on serious felonies. •Recognizes that minor offenses reduce quality of life for citizens. •Attempts to use problem solving approaches to interrupt patterns or cycles of behavior that lead to crime and conflict in the community. |
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Critiques of community courts
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–May lead to increased government interference in lives of citizens.
•Attention to small matters and “quality of life” results in more formal government power. –Response: Many community courts have been modified into problem solving courts: •Drug courts, domestic violence courts etc. |
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What is restorative justice? What are some key elements of restorative justice?
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–Is an alternate approach to courts.
–Based on a theory that cycles of crime and harm need to be interrupted. –Goal is to repair harm from crime. –Changes the role of court officials and processes: •They don’t simply represent the state •Facilitate restoration, reconciliation, mediation while holding the offender accountable •Involves all stakeholders (victims, offender, and the community) •Key Elements of Restorative Justice –Victim - offender mediation –Victim assistance –Ex-offender assistance –Restitution and Community Service |
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Restorative justice criticisms
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–Perceived as being “soft on crime.”
–Tends to gives offenders equal standing with victims. |
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what percent of state prisoners in Michigan are incarcerated for a drug offense
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About 18% Among all 50 states, this avg. is 21%).
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Another positive step in the Michigan prison system is what?
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the use of drug screening immediately upon entry into the state prison system; the use of the Michigan Prisoner Re-Entry Initiative
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mission of Correctional Organizations
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•Protect citizens from crime by safely handling offenders while providing opportunity for rehabilitation
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Two contradictory objectives of Correctional Organizations
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•Custodial / care taking (focuses on safety/security)
•Treatment (focuses on rehabilitation programs) |
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What are the 5 parts of the central office of a prison organization
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•Office of Director
•Administrative Division •Correctional Programs Division •Medical / Health Care Division •Human Resource Management Division |
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what are the duties of the Office of Director
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–Sets policies
–Media relations, legislative liaison, legal division |
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what are the duties of the Administrative Division
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–Budget, new prison construction
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Between 1980 and 2003, what happened to the Michigan prison population
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it more than tripled.
Increased from 15,148 to 49,357 |
