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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was Hume's first criticism? |
He said that just because we observe cause and effect in the universe doesn't mean this rule applies to the universe itself. |
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Who supports this and how? |
Bertrand Russell says that 'Just because every human has a mother does not mean the whole of humanity has a mother. |
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What is this called? |
The fallacy of composition. It involves falsely ascribing the properties found in individual aspects of something to the whole of that something |
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What was Hume's second criticism? |
Whilst we can talk about things that we have experience of with some certainty, we have no experience of creating a universe and therefore can't talk meaningfully about universes. |
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What is Hume's third criticism? |
There's not enough evidence to say whether the universe has a cause and definitely not enough to make any conclusion as to what that cause may have been. |
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What is Hume's fourth criticism? |
Even if 'God' could be accepted as the cause of the universe, there is no way to determine what sort of God this would be and there is now way of determining if this is the God of classical Theism. |
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What is Immanuel Kant's first criticism? |
The idea of cause and effect only applies in the realm of sense experiences. If we haven;t experienced something with our sense, we can make no claim on it. |
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What is Immanuel Kant's second criticism? |
To suggest God as the cause of the universe is nonsensical as 'God' lies outside the realm of sense experience |
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What is Bertrand Russell's first criticism? |
The universe is 'brute fact'-it cannot be explained- and as the CA depended entirely on asking the question 'How did the universe begin?', then by removing the question the argument is pointless. |
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What is Bertrand Russell's second criticism? |
Both traditional and modern CAs assert that the universe is finite but God is infinite. This assumption underlies the argument yet this is a contradiction. To deny the possibility of infinity for one but not the other is a philosophical fallacy |
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Who makes scientific criticisms of the CA? |
Anthony Kenny The Big Bang Theory The Steady State Theory |
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What is Anthony Kenny's criticism? |
He uses Newton's first law of motion to argue against Aquinas' first way. He said that the principle that nothing moves by itself goes against the fact that people and animals move themselves. He said Newton's law explains movement from a body's own inertia from previous motion. It's possible for objects to have uniform motion as well as being in a state of rest. |
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What did he say about Newton's First Law of motion? (quote) |
It 'Wrecks the argument of the first way. For at any given time the rectilinear uniform motion of a body can be explained by the principle of inertia in terms of the body's own previous motion without appeal to any other agent. |
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How is the steady state theory a criticism? |
It suggests that the world is eternal and so counts against Aquinas' theory of contingency and necessary existence. |
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How is the big bang theory a criticism? |
It's considered to be a random spontaneous event without reason or cause which undermines Aquinas' assertion that God is mover and cause of the universe. |
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How can it support the CA? |
If it is accepted that there must be a reason as to why TBBT happened, and that once the universe began to evolve there seems to have been a sustainer of the universe. This supports the belief of the God of classical Theism. |
