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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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claim
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statement that is either true or false
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belief
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idea in which one has invested his confidence
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political freedom
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external
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external interventions
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drugs, torture
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internal interventions
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advertising
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personal freedom
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internal
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obstacle: relativism/subjectivism
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solution: patience & tenacity
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obstacle: egocentrism
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solution: humility
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obstacle: ethnocentrism
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solution: tolerance
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obstacle: conformism
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solution: courage
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obstacle: unexamined assumptions
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solution: self-awareness
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presuppositions
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information must be known about claims ahead of time
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critical thinking
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using reason to make decisions
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reason
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capacity to use disciplined intelligence to solve problems
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relativism
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truth according to group or culture
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subjectivism
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truth according to individual
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functions of language
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informative, expressive, directive, persuasive
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communication
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interaction aimed at common understanding
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communication achieved through
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cooperation & coordination
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obstacles to critical thinking
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relativism/subjectivism, egocentrism, ethnocentrism, conformism, intimidation by authority, unexamined assumptions
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truth
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a relationship between a belief or a statement on the one hand and reality or the world on the other
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evaluative
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refer to matters that concern the merits of things
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interpretive
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refer to matters that concern the meanings of things
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assumption
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unsupported claim
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hidden assumption
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unstated or implied assumption
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inferential assumption
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hidden assumption that functions as added support, linking a stated premise with a conculsion
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issue
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topic about which reasonable people may disagree
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factual issue
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issue to be resolved by either methods of empirical science or documentary research
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issue statement
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composition whose purpose is to communicate interest in a topic about which reasonable people may agree
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