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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the single most important indicator of nutritional status?
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Serial weight measurements and must be performed most often.
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What important factor influences nutritional status?
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Nitrogen balance. Sensitive indicator of the body's gain or loss of protein.
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What does a postive nitrogen balance mean?
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When nitrogen intake exceeds nitorgen output and indicates tissue growth, such as occurs during recovery from surgery, adn rebuilding of wasted tissue.
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What does negative nitrogen balance mean?
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Indicates that the tissue is breaking down faster than it is being replaced. This can occur with fever, starvation, sugery, burns, and debilitating diseases.
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What does malnutrition do?
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Interferes with wound healing, inceases susceptibility to infection, and contributes to an increased incidence of complications, a protracted hospitalization, and an extended bed confinement.
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What is the preferred method of feeding for a patient that has a functioning GI system?
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Enteral feeding.
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What is the preferred method of feeding for a patient that does not have a functioning GI system?
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TPN.
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What is Murphy's sign?
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Sharp pain that stops respiration when palpating under the liver border.
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What is Grey Turner's sign?
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Flank ecchymosis.
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What is Blumberg's sign?
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Rebound tenderness.
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What is Iliopsoas muscle?
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Right lower quadrant pain when right leg elevated against tension.
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What is Obturator muscle?
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Abdominal pain when right leg rotated at hip (internal or external rotation).
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What are some of the liver's responsibilities?
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Most significant being bile formation and secretion, protein and fat metabolism, detoxification of many substances, and the production of clotting factors and enzymes.
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What are some common laboratory tests for bile formation and secretion?
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Serum bilirubin (direct and indirect), uring bilirubin, Urobilinogen (Urine and feces).
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What are some common laboratory tests for protein studies?
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Albumin, Globulin, albumin-globulin ration, total serum protein, transferrin, PT, PTT and AFT (alpha-fetoprotein).
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What are some common laboratory tests for fat metabolism?
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Cholesterol, HDL, LDL and VLDL.
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What are some common laboratory tests for liver detoxification?
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Serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) and ammonia.
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What are some common laboratory tests for enzyme production?
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AST, ALT, LDH, GGT (Gamma-glutamyl transferase).
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What are some laboratory studies to evaluate pancreatic function?
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Serum amylase, urine amylase, serum lipase, serum glucose, serum triglycerides, serum calcium (Total and ionized) and fecal fat.
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What are some common laboratory studies to diagnose GI disorders?
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Stool specimen (occult blood, fat, ova and parasites, Pus, pathogens, urea breath test and hydrogen breath test.
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