Crit To The Nt Test 1

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Mishnah

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• Oral tradition of Israel written down in history that is codified.

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Textus receptus

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• It is referred to as the accepted or the received Greek NT. Goes back to the 3rd addition of Erasmus’s of the Greek NT. The king James is based on.

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Grafe

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• Means writing or scripture. Is used 52 times and all but 2 are talking about the old testament

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Philo

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• A first Century Jew living in Alexandria Egypt. He bridged between Judaism and Hellenism.

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Essenes

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• They were a very strict group. One of the 5 sects of Judaism. Withdrew themselves to the wilderness

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Sitz im lm Laben

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• Life situation. There are four: source criticism (look on slides)

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King Cyrus

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• Persian King.
• A lenient ruler who single handedly helped to preserve Jewish customs
• Established Aramaic as the official language of the empire at that time
• Very tolerant of freedom of religion

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Marcion

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• 1st century heretic, likely published the first canon

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Philip II of Macedon

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• Alexander the Great’s father. Gave Alex the motivation to unify the Greek city states

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Dec 14, 164 BC

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• Date temple was rededicated after the temple was defiled by Antiochus Epiphanies by a female hog. This is where the Hanukkah comes from

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Hanukkah/feast of lights

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• Celebration of the rededication of the temple, it is mentioned in the NT

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Aristobulus II

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• Appealed to Rome to get help when he was fighting his brother, they came in and sided with him and then later they turned on him.

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Westcott and Hort-

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• Titled The NT in the Original Greek. First major move away from textus receptus that gains acceptance
• Challenged the textus receptus, published the NT in Greek

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Ptolemies-

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• Produced the Septuagint. The 72 scholars that ruled in Egypt and is produced by them.

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Synagogue

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• It is a Jewish or Samaritan house of prayer. Takes at least 10 men to form. It was controlled the Pharisees.

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Redaction Criticism

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• Concerned about the life situation of the evangelist. What did they write what changes did they make how did they redact the text.

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Source Criticism

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• What sources did NT writers use to get their info? Determines accuracy.
• Concerned with the with the life situation of Jesus (Sitz im Leben)

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• List the six witnesses to the New Testament in order. Also provide A BRIEF DESCRIPTION of what makes each of the witnesses distinct from the other five witnesses in the list

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o Papyri – many come from Egypt. Since 1890 100 have been discovered, dating from 2nd to the 8th centuries.
o Great Uncial Codices – books, consisting of vellum or parchment pages written in block Greek letters, were most prominent from the 3rd to the 9th centuries. Often they contained the whole Greek Bible and some early noncanonical Christian works. When Constantine declared tolerance for Christianity in the early 4th century it made it possible for public existence of centers of learning where these could be copied and preserved.
o Minuscules – Cursive writing style that began to supersede the uncial. There are nearly 2,900 NT mss. In this script.
o Lectionaries - Texts that are used in worship or liturgy. You can go through them and find several forms of the original testament
o Versions-
o Patristic sources - They are datable and locatable. Dating them and knowing geographically widespread it was would have helped know what was going on in that time.

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• List three of the major Feasts of ancient Israel and briefly identify their significance.

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o Passover –
• The eight-day festival of Passover is celebrated in the early spring, from the 15th through the 22nd of the Hebrew month of Nissan. It commemorates the emancipation of the Israelites from slavery in ancient Egypt. And, by following the rituals of Passover, we have the ability to relive and experience the true freedom that our ancestors gained.
o Pentecost
• Is a prominent feast in the calendar of Ancient Israel celebrating the giving of the Law on Sinai, and also later in the Christian liturgical year commemorating the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the remaining eleven disciples of Christ (Judas had hanged himself) after the Resurrection of Jesus.


o Tabernacle
• According to the Hebrew Torah/Old Testament, was the portable dwelling place for the divine presence from the time of the Exodus from Egypt through the conquering of the land of Canaan. Built to specifications revealed by God (Yahweh) to Moses at Mount Sinai, it accompanied the Israelites on their wanderings in the wilderness and their conquest of the Promised Land. It contained the Ark of the Covenant, which was eventually placed in the First Temple in Jerusalem.

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• What is textual criticism?

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o Textual criticism is “the study of copies of any wriden work of which the autograph (the original) is unknown, with the purpose of ascertaining the original text”

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• What are the four Sitz im Lebens?

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o What Jesus actually said (source criticism)
o What the early disciples shared orally (form criticism)
o What the evangelists wrote with their own sources and intents (redaction)
o How it applies to the readers of “life situation” (literary crits)

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• What were the Pharisees and Sadducees known for?

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o Pharisees: They also believed in the resurrection and afterlife (including angels and spirits) They were more influential in the synagogues. Their intentions were according to the Pirke Aboth to make a fence for the law by putting rules around it that would warn people that they were in danger of breaking God’s commandments
o Sadducees: They rejected bodily resurrection, angels, and spirits. They believed in a very distant God and only accepted the written law. They accepted the Pentateuch and were very literal in their application of the law They were more influential in the Temple (their center of strength- when it was destroyed they ceased to influence Jewish life), while the Pharisees were more influential in the synagogues. They went along with Greek culture and were suspicious of each other.

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• What is the Day of Atonement

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o Yom Kippur is the tenth day of the month of Tishrei. According to Jewish tradition, God inscribes each person's fate for the coming year into a book, the Book of Life, on Rosh Hashanah, and waits until Yom Kippur to "seal" the verdict. During the Days of Awe, a Jew tries to amend his or her behavior and seek forgiveness for wrongs done against God (bein adam leMakom) and against other human beings (bein adam lechavero). The evening and day of Yom Kippur are set aside for public and private petitions and confessions of guilt (Vidui). At the end of Yom Kippur, one considers oneself absolved by God.

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• When was the New Testament canon recognized?

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o 220-400

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1st essay

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means out-breathed rather than in-breathed. Although it could be literally defined as "to breath upon something. So it is not an emphasis on how the Word of God "inspires" us but on how scripture is a God-breathed divine product.
- The words of scripture are God's own words and man's part in the producing of Scripture was merely to transmit what he had received while using his own sources, experiences, etc.
2 Peter 1:19-21 says that these explanations did not originate from the prophet himself it did not come from man but addresses how God produced the scripture.