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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the mechanisms of social disorganization? (what does it cause) |
1. Social change weakens social controls
2. Lowers resistance to deviance 3. Susceptible to ‘unconventional’ norms 4. Deviant subcultures grow |
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How can you measure social disorganization? |
Low SES, residential mobility,ethnic heterogeneity
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What is social capital? |
1. Connections that facilitate cooperation•Cohesion•Trust•Reciprocity•Involvement in organizations
2. Ability to solve neighborhood problems |
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What are some neighbourhood social processes? |
•Neighborhood social processes•Social capital•Social control•Social relationships
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What is collective efficacy? |
•ability of community to solve itscollective problems
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How can residents work together to pevent or reduce crime? |
•Monitoring wrongdoing
•Reporting to police •Intervening in problems •Watching neighbors’ houses |
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What is needed for collective efficacy? |
•Mutual trust, cohesion, sharednorms/expectations
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How does crime occur according to the collective efficacy model? |
Structural disadvantage (e.g. poverty, mobility, urbanization) decreases collective efficacy (trust, willingness to intervene, social cohension) and then causes crime |
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How to measure collective efficacy? |
Using the collective efficacy scale: •Trust•Social cohesion•Willingness to intervene |
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What is Broken Window theory? |
The visible violation of normsencourages further violations.
This causes weakened adherence to norms. |
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What kind of policies does broken windows theory translate to? |
•Zero-tolerance policing•Aggressive policing tactics•Order-maintenance policing
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What are the decision making criteria for the discrete spatial choice model? |
•Rewards•••Risks•••Effort
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What are some signals of social disorganization? |
•Low cohesion•High residential mobility•Broken windows!
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What is effort in commiting crimes? |
1. Physical accessibility
2. Distance 3. Non Familiar areas 4. City center 5. Target availability 6. Mobility factors |
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What are some models derived from opportunity based theories? |
•Optimal targets
•Least amount of effort •Prior choices lead to subsequent choices |