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6 Cards in this Set
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Classical Criminology Cesare Beccaria |
On Crimes and Punishment Father of Modern Criminology Believed inutilitarianism and free-will |
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What were Beccaria's principles? |
1. Laws should be used to maintain the social contract 2. Only legislators should create laws 3. Judges should impose punishment only inaccordance with the law 4. Judges should not interpret the laws 5. Punishment should be based on the pleasure/pain principle 6. Punishment should be based on the act, not on the acto 7. The punishment should be determined by the crime 8. Punishment should be prompt and effective 9. All people should be treated equally 10. Capital punishment should be abolished 11. The use of torture to fain confessions should be abolished 12. It is better to prevent crimes than to punish them |
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Jeremy Bentham's Utilitarianism |
Bentham was concerned with achieving “the greatest happiness of the greatest number” Utilitarianism assumes all human actions are calculated in accordance with their likelihood of bringing happiness (pleasure) or unhappiness (pain) Bentham proposed the “felicific calculus” |
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Positivist Criminology |
Auguste Comte Darwin’s Origin of Species Positivism and evolution moved the field of criminology from a philosophical to a scientific perspective. |
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Sociological Determinism |
Adolphe Quetelet and Andre MichelGuerry Society responsible for criminal behavior Gabriel Tarde - Laws of limitation |
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Emile Durkheim |
Crime as a normal part of society Crime creates social solidarity Crime creates social change Anomie: Normlessness, a breakdown ofsocial order as a result of a loss ofstandards and values |
