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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Criminology?
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Criminology explores the origin, extent, and nature of crime in society
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What is Criminal Justice?
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Criminal justice refers to the agencies of social control that handle criminal offenders
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What is Deviance?
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Deviance refers to the study of behavior that departs from social norms.
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What is Classical/Choice Perspective?
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Situational forces. Crime is a function of free will and personal choice. Punishment is a deterrent to crime.
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What is Biological/Psychological Perspective?
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Internal forces. Crime is a function of chemical, neurological, genetic, personality, intelligence, or mental traits
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What is Structural Perspective?
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Ecological forces. Crime rates are a function of neighborhood conditions, cultural forces, and norm conflict.
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What is Process Perspective?
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Socialization forces. Crime is a function of upbringing, learning, and control. Peers, parents, and teachers influence behavior
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What is Conflict Perspective?
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Economic and political forces. Crime is a function of competition for limited resources and power. Class conflict produces crime.
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What is Developmental Perspective?
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Multiple forces. Biological, social-psychological, economic, and political forces may combine to produce crime
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What is the Consensus View of Crime?
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According to the consensus view, crimes are behaviors believed to be repugnant to all elements of society.
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What is Social Harm?
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Social harm is the agreement that all behaviors that are harmful to other people and society in general must be controlled.
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What is the Interactionist View of Crime?
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Moral entrepreneurs define crime
Crimes are illegal because society defines them that way The definition of crime evolves according to the moral standards of those in power |
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What is Consensus View (Real)?
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The law defines crime
The law reflects public opinion Agreement exists on outlawed behavior Laws apply to all citizens equally |
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What is Mala in Se?
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Inherently evil or depraved. Common law crimes
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What is Mala Prohibitium?
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Crimes defined by Parliament, or statutory crimes
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What is Utilitarianism?
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Bentham's Utilitarianism says people choose to act when, after weighing costs and benefits, they believe that their actions will bring them an increase in pleasure and a reduction of pain
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What is classical criminology?
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Beccaria's classical criminology says People have free will, Criminal solutions can be attractive, A person will choose not to commit crime only if they believe that the pain of punishment is greater than the promise of reward. In order to be an effective crime deterrent, punishment must be severe, certain, and swift
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What is Positivism?
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Human behavior is a function of a variety of forces.
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What is Rational Choice?
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Rational choice theorists today argue that criminals are ration and use available information to decide if crime is a worthwhile undertaking
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What is the Cartographic School of Criminology?
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This approach made use of social statistics that were being developed in Europe
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What is the UCR?
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Uniform crime report done by the FBI tells the total number of crimes per 100,000 people.
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What are the 8 Part 1 Index Crimes?
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Criminal Homicide
Forcible Rape Robbery Aggravated Assault Burglary/Breaking or Entering Larceny/Theft Moter Vehicle Theft Arson |
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What is a sample?
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A limited number of subjects who are representative of entire groups sharing similar characteristics
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What is the Population?
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The entire group is the population
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What is the National Crime Victimization Survey?
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National Surveys asking how many times you've been victimized
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What is Self-Report Surveys?
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Asking anonymously what criminal acts you've done
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What is Cohort Research?
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Involves observing a group of people who share a like characteristic
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What is an Instrumental Crime?
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Crimes used to gain something better like theft or selling drugs
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What is an Expressive Crime?
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Expresses rage or anger. Such as rape or assault
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What is the masculinity hypothesis?
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Lombroso's theory states that the more masculine females were responsible for the handful of crimes committed
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What is the Chivalry Hypothesis?
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It holds that much female criminality is hidden because of the culture's generally protective and benevolent attitude toward women
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What is the Liberal Feminist Theory?
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This view suggested that the traditionally lower crime rate for women could be explained by their "second-class" economic and social position
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What is three strikes?
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The three strikes policy states that if you are convicted of three felonies you will serve a life sentence
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What is lifestyle theory?
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Crime is not a random occurrence but rather a function of the victim's lifestyle
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What is Active Precipitation?
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Active precipitation occurs when victims act provocatively, use threats or fighting words, or even attack first
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What is Passive Precipitation?
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Passive precipitation occurs when the victim exhibits some personal characteristic that unknowingly either threatens or encourages the attacker
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What is deviant Place Theory?
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According to deviant place theory the greater their exposure to dangerous places, the more likely people will become victims of crime and violence
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