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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Investigations can be hampered by many things including what? |
Precautionary and staging behavior |
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What are precautionary acts? |
Behaviors that offenders commit to confuse, hamper or defeat investigative efforts |
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Is staging considered a precautionary act |
Yes - precautionary act (broad) - staging is a specipic subtype of a precautionary act - staging is different from other precautionary acts (but is used to conceal oneself to crime) |
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What is crime scene staging/ manipulation |
The deliberate alteration of physical evidence at the location where a crime has occurred, to simulate events or offences that did not occur, for the purposes of misleading authorities or redirecting investigations |
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What are the 3 main purposes for offenders with staging |
1 simulate events that did not occur and make it appear in a way that they want 2. Mislead investigations 3. Redirect investigations leave it astray |
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Why is staging a precautionary act used |
To conceal oneself to a crime - used to mislead authorities and trying to deceive authorities |
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Does staging involve the removal of evidence or the implementation of evidence |
Both. It involves not only preventing evidence from being diposited but also adding evidence of how the offender wishes the crime to appear |
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What might precautionary acts include |
-staging - using mask to conceal identity, gloves to prevent fingerprint transfer. |
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Can investigating staging be understood as a form of deception detection? |
Yes. Detecting staging is really detecting deception through the physical and behavioural evidence - setting investigation in wrong direction, we are talking about deception (trying to deceive authorities) |
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What can be seen as a defining factor between staging as a precautionary act and other precautionary acts? |
Precautionary act usually involves removing something (preventing something from being left behind). Staging involves adding evidence doing something in addition to the crime |
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What can be the defining factor between an act of staging and another type of precautionary act |
The motive behind the action. I.e staging is to set authorities in wrong direction. A mask is to conceal identity |
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How is deception done in a crime scene |
By manipulating evidence |
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Is deception detection in crime scenes similar to deception detection in police investigations? |
Yes an investigator observing staged crime scenes is not different from police interrogations, with staging we don’t have suspect in front of us but still trying to detect deception |
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Is there much reaserch on the idea of deception detection and staged crime scenes |
No very little literature available to help investigators and profilers - almost no systematic reserch on the topic (more reserch on the broader topic in general) |
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What is the definition of deception |
Deception is a deliberate false communication that tends to benifit the communicator, intended to mislead the audience. |
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Why is intent important with deception |
- the intention behind a lie is important, as is the intention behind staging evidence. We must look at intent, was the intent to deceive authorities? - the intention behind an act determines weather it’s staging I.e if family covered up daughter that’s not staging |
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Can deception be detected? |
It is believed that all deceptive efforts can be found. |
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How might someone detect deception in a crime scene? What do they look at |
It has been proposed that analyzing physical evidence (witness statements and autopsy) one can determine weather someone is lying or evidence has been staged (deception detection) |
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Is deception detection in profiling the same as interrogations? |
In profiling profilers will look at physical evidence, autopsy’s, and witness statements to find deception. - normal other ways of detecting deception are oral so it is done differently in crime scenes where you don’t have suspect you must examine physical evidence then make a determination |
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(Deception detection) what is motivational imparment? |
This effect states that the more motivated someone is to not get caught the more likely their behavior will give them away - this effect can be applied to staging is important in uncovering deception or staging based on physical evidence available |
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How does motivational impairment affect crime scene staging |
Induciduals who are highly motivated to stage a scene may actually leave more evidence behind of themselves than those who are less motivated |
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Motivational imparment which crime time is this seen with? |
- this effect is important for deception it’s usually those carrying out serious crimes who are more likely to stage and this higher motivation to not get caught more likely to leave evidence. (This happens in serious crimes where people don’t want to get caught at the risk of getting large prison sentience’s) |
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What is deception detection based on in criminal profiling |
Paradoxical evidence, inconsistencies, can help determine if it’s been staged, can be uncovered by comparing physical evidence in crime scenes and reports, witnesses it’s a result of comparisons, to see if deception has occurred |
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To uncover staging efforts (or to detect staging) profilers should |
- be suspicous - be informed - watch and listen carefully - abandon stereotypes |
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Who/ what profession is mainly relied on in investigating staging in death investigations? |
Pathologists, corners, and medical examiners are highly relied on in these cases - huge role in the investigation of homicides, in determining manner of death - pathologists we’re the first involved with profiling |
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Pathologists, coroners, and medical examiners role in death investigations - is it merely medical assessment? |
Even though it is a medical assessment to identify manner of death, autopsies (done in violent, suspicous, and sudden death) often take into account contextual info gathered by investigators - so they will provide an opinion on manner of death but also provide opinion on the consistency in cases, (weather findings in autopsy are consistent with scene information and police report) which will become the basis of weather the scene has been staged |
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Why do the medical professionals play an important role with staging and death investigations |
They will provide opinion on manner of death but also consistencies between evidence and the case When crime scene info claims an accident but medical examiner deems homicide. That’s why they have an important role |
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What is the most common way which offenders try to stage homicides |
Most commonly homicides are staged as an accident/ suicide |
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Have suicides been staged as homicides before? |
Yea. Someone commits cuisine and stages it to appear as a different manner of death |
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Why might someone try to stage their suicide as a homicide |
Due to a mental disorder or psychological need for attention |
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Why might homicide be staged as a suicide |
To avoid detection |
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What is imperative for profilers who are trying to determine weather a suicide is staged as a homicides |
A careful investigation of victimology has to be done on their background to see if a mental disorder exists and examination of crime scene - CP is just one part of investigations, collaboration between investigators and medical experts are important to successfully uncover staging |
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Is a suicide staged as a homicide real staging? |
No - it’s not staging the intent is not to confuse authorities. (Maybe just so parents don’t think they killed themselves) real intent is important to determine if it’s staging or not |
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What is needed to be determined to find out weather a scene is staged |
Real intent |
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What are precautionary acts? |
Behaviors that offenders commit which are intended to confuse, hamper or defeat investigative efforts for the purpose of concealing identity |
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What is the defining factor behind staging |
Is the goal behind them. Which is to thwart investigative efforts or set the investigation in wrong direction Thus acts committed after the fact are not staging |
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What are the red flags for staging |
Staged cases are more likely to have multiple victims or multiple offenders than general homicides - use of blunt force or strangulation to kill |
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What are death investigations |
This involves investigating the death of an individual by Com binding medical, circumstantial information in order to determine the cause, mechanism and manner of death |
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Can posing a body be considered staging |
Yes a body could be posed for staging |
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The muchausens syndrome what is that |
This is a factious disorder that involves patients who take symptoms of various disorders for psychological reasons, as opposed to malingering for monetary gain |
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How might the Münchausen syndrome be relevant to staging |
With analyzing sucicides staged to appear as homicides. The issue of muchhausen and the pathology that goes along with it may lead a person to wish to commit suicide |
