Criminal Justice Test 4 (First Set)

Front 1

Ashurst-Sumners Act

Back 1

Legislation passed that prohibited interstate transporation of prison goods

Front 2

boot camp

Back 2

A highly regimented correctional facility where inmates undergo extensive physical conditioning and discipline

Front 3

Camp Delta

Back 3

Facility at Guantanamo Base in Cuba that is used for the confinement of suspected terrorists

Front 4

co-correctional prison

Back 4

An institution where men and women are confined together

Front 5

congregate system

Back 5

19th century model that held prisoners in isolation during the night, allowing them to work together during the day in silence. Implemented in NY Aubrun prison

Front 6

conjugal visit

Back 6

Private visit that some prison systems allow between inmates and their spouses to help them maintain sexual and interpersonal relationships

Front 7

correctional system

Back 7

Programs, services, and institutions designed to manage people accused or convicted of crimes

Front 8

Hawes-Cooper Act

Back 8

Legislation passed by congress in 1929 requiring that prison products be subject to the laws of the state to which they were shipped

Front 9

Jail

Back 9

An institution to hold pretrial detainees and people convicted of less serious crimes

Front 10

low-security prison

Back 10

An institution that operates between minimum and medium security

Front 11

Mark system

Back 11

System where prisoners earned "marks" for good behavior to achieve an early release from prison

Front 12

maximum security

Back 12

Most secure prison facility, sort of super maximum facilities, having high walls, gun towers, etc.

Front 13

medium security

Back 13

middle level prisonfacility, which has a more relaxed security measures and fewer inmates than a maximum prison

Front 14

Minimum security prison

Back 14

prison facility with the lowest level of security that houses nondangerous, stable offenders

Front 15

new-generation jails

Back 15

Jails that are designed to increase staff interaction with inmates by placing the staff inside the housing unit

Front 16

penitentiary house

Back 16

18th century place of penitence for all convicted felons except those sentenced to death

Front 17

Percy Amendment

Back 17

Law that allowed states to sell prison-made goods across state lines as long as they complied wit strict rules

Front 18

prison

Back 18

An institution for the confinement of people who have been convicted of serious crimes

Front 19

prison farms

Back 19

Correctional institutions that produce much of the livestock, dairy, and vegetables used to feed inmates

Front 20

prison forestry camps

Back 20

correctional inst. that provide labor for the maintenance of state parks, tree planting, etc.

Front 21

privatization

Back 21

A process in which state and federal governments contract with the private sector to help finance and manage correctional facilities

Front 22

reformatory

Back 22

A penal inst. generally used to confine first time offenders between ages of 16 and 30

Front 23

separate confinement

Back 23

19th century model that separated inmates. Was implemented in Penns Eastern state penitentiary

Front 24

super maximum security prison

Back 24

prison where the most predatory and dangerous criminals are confined

Front 25

work release

Back 25

A program allowing the inmate to leave the institution during the day to work at a job

Front 26

administrative segregation

Back 26

The placement of a inmante in a single-person cell in a high-security area for a specified period of time, Solitary confinement

Front 27

classification

Back 27

system for assigning inmates to levels of custody and treatment appropriate to their needs

Front 28

correctional officers

Back 28

Also known as guards, have the responsibility of supervising inmates

Front 29

deprivation model

Back 29

An explanation of the inmate subculture as an adaptation to loss of amenities and freedoms in prison

Front 30

disciplinary hearing

Back 30

A hearing before a disciplinary board to determine whether the charge against an inmate has merit and to determine the sanction if the charge is sustained

Front 31

Fulwood V. Clemmer

Back 31

U.S. Distrct Court decision that African American Muslim inmates have the same constitutional right to practice their religion and to hold worship services as inmates of other faiths

Front 32

good time

Back 32

The practice of reducing an inmates sentence for good behavior

Front 33

hands-off doctrine

Back 33

The position taken by the supreme court that it will not interfere with states' administration of prisons

Front 34

Holt v. Sarver

Back 34

Supreme court decision that applied the totality of conditions principle to find the Arkansas prison system in violation of the 8th amendment

Front 35

importation model

Back 35

A view of the inmate subculture is a reflection of the values and norms inmates bring with them when they enter prison

Front 36

inmate code

Back 36

A system of informal norms created by prisoners to regulate inmate behavior

Front 37

less eligibility

Back 37

The belief that prisoners should always reside in worse conditions than should the poorest law-abiding citizens

Front 38

line personnel

Back 38

Prison employees who have direct contact with inmates

Front 39

loss of privileges

Back 39

A disiciplinary sanction involving the loss of visits, mail, recreation, etc

Front 40

pains of imprisonment

Back 40

Deprivations- such as the loss of freedom, possessions, dignity, autonomy, security, and heterosexual relationships- shared by inmates

Front 41

prisonization

Back 41

The process by which inmates adjust to or become assimilated into the prison subculture

Front 42

staff personnel

Back 42

Prison employees who provide support services to line personnel and administrators

Front 43

surrogate families

Back 43

Fictive families created by female prisoners to provide stability and security

Front 44

total institutions

Back 44

Institutions that completely encapsulate the lives of the people who work and live in them

Front 45

totality of conditions

Back 45

A principle guiding federal court evaluations of prison conditions: The lack of a specific condition alone does not necessarily constitute cruel and unusual punishment

Front 46

warden

Back 46

the superintendant or top administrator of a prison

Front 47

Wolff V. McDonnell

Back 47

Supreme court decision that inmantes facing disciplinary action must have a formal hearing

Front 48

Lease System

Back 48

State leases prison labor to private companies. The company is responsible for the inmates (food, clothing,etc.)

Front 49

Contract System

Back 49

Inmate works for company but the state is responsible for the inmate

Front 50

Piece-price system

Back 50

Works for company, but state is paid for each piece produced and sold

Front 51

Public Account system

Back 51

Inmates makes goods, sells them, and the state benefits

Front 52

State Use System

Back 52

Make whatever the state might need. Farming and license plates

Front 53

Public Works

Back 53

Cleaning up trash, parks, repairing roads, etc. Benefits the state but is not making individual goods

Front 54

community corrections

Back 54

A correctional approach based on the belief offenders can be dealt with in the community rather than through prisons and jail

Front 55

Probation

Back 55

sentencing option in which an offender is released into the community under the supervision of a probation officer

Front 56

risk classification

Back 56

assesses the likelihood that an offender poses a continuing risk of reoffending and determines the necessary degree of probation supervision

Front 57

informal probation

Back 57

Placement of an offender on probation before a conviction is entered on the record. When the probation conditions are completed, the offender is released and the case is diminshed.

Front 58

preliminary revocation hearing

Back 58

A first hearing to determine whether there is probable cause that the offender violated the conditions of probation or parole

Front 59

revocation hearing

Back 59

A hearing to determine whether probation or parole should be revoked

Front 60

Gagnon V. Scarpelli

Back 60

SCOTUS decision identifying the due process rights of an offender during a probation revocation hearing

Front 61

intermediate sanctions

Back 61

alternatives to exclusively probation and prison. More severe than probation but less costly than prison.

Front 62

intensive probation supervision (IPS)

Back 62

Probation officers assigned with small caseloads. Increased supervision.

Front 63

House Arrest

Back 63

Offender is legally ordered to remain in his or her home.

Front 64

Electronic monitoring

Back 64

require the offender to wear an electronic bracelet. Used in conjunction with house arrest for more serious offenders.

Front 65

Day reporting centers

Back 65

reduces overcrowding. Require offenders to spend all or part of each day at a designated reporting center.

Front 66

fines

Back 66

a sentence requiring the offender to make a cash payment to the court

Front 67

structured fines

Back 67

designed to eliminate the proportionately greater financial burden placed on poorer offenders by tying the amount of the Fine to the offenders ability to pay

Front 68

forfeiture

Back 68

legal procedure that permits the government to seize property used in the commission of a crime

Front 69

restitution

Back 69

payment of compensation by the offender to the victim

Front 70

community service

Back 70

offender provides unpaid service to the larger community

Front 71

restorative justice

Back 71

focuses on the community and aims to change the way people think about crime

Front 72

parole

Back 72

conditional release of an offender from a correctional institution.

Front 73

unconditional release

Back 73

release, without supervision, of inmates who have served their maximum sentence

Front 74

commutation

Back 74

decision by the governor or president to reduce the severity of an inmates sentence

Front 75

clemency

Back 75

decision by the governor or president to set aside an offenders punishment, release the offender instead

Front 76

halfway house

Back 76

secure housing that allows the offenders to assimilate back into the community

Front 77

parole boards

Back 77

make discretionary decisions about a prisoners release

Front 78

megans law

Back 78

requires registration and community notification by sex offenders when they move into a community

Front 79

intensive parole supervision

Back 79

small case loads, closer supervision. more frequent schedules

Front 80

Morrissey v. brewer

Back 80

Scoutus ruling that spelled out the due process rights of offenders on parole

Front 81

reentry

Back 81

process in which an inmate leaves prison and returns to society