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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Criminal Justice |
Agencies of social control |
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Criminology |
Using scientific method to study nature cause extent and control of criminal behavior |
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Classical/choice perspective |
Situational forces: Crime is fx of free will/choice, punishments will deter crime |
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Bio/Psych Perspective |
Internal forces: Crime is fx of chemical, neurological, genetic, personality, intelligence, mental traits |
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Structural Perspective |
Ecological Forces: Crime is fx of neighborhood conditions, cultural forces, + norm conflict |
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Process Perspective |
Socialization forces: Crime is fx of upbringing, learning and control (peers, parents, teachers) |
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Conflict Perspective |
Economical/political forces: Crime is fx of competition for limited resources + power Class conflict produces crime |
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Developmental Perspective |
Multiple forces: Normally two at a time |
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Victim characteristics |
Men, <23, poor, non-white, + repeat victimization |
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Lifestyle Theory |
Crime not random, but rather fx of victims lifestyle College campuses, homeless |
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Victim precipitation |
May initiate confrontations that led-injury/death Active vs Passive |
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Biosocial Theory |
Every person is biologically unique and social environment influences the behavior |
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Evolutionary Theory |
Human traits that produce violence + aggression are produced through evolution |
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Social Learning Theory |
People born w/ ability to be violent but learn aggression through life experiences |
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Social Bond Theory |
Criminality exists because of ties to society weakening: Fear criminal behavior will hurt friend/family relationships |
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Elements of Social Bond Theory |
Attachment (-people), Commitment (-career), involvement (-sports), belief (-religion) |
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Process of Labeling |
Initial criminal act, detection by justice system, decision to label, creation of new identity, acceptance of new labels, deviance amplification |
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Primary deviance |
Very little influence on criminal and soon forgotten (speeding) |
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Secondary deviance |
Crime comes to significant other/soc control agents attention + label is applied |
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Restorative justice |
Using humanistic/ non-punitive strategies to right wrongs + restore social harmony |
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Process of restoration |
Offender asked, justice system used, reconciliation tween offender-victim, effectiveness based on relationship - community, commitment, community support for vicim + offender |
