Criminal Justice Final Exam

Front 1

Parens patriae

Back 1

A common law principle that allows the state to assume a parental role and to take custody of a child when he or she becomes delinquent, is abandoned, or is in need of care that the natural parents are unable or unwilling to provide.

Front 2

Comparative Criminologist

Back 2

One who studies crime and criminal justice on a cross-national level.

Front 3

Forfeiture

Back 3

The authorized seizure of money, negotiable instruments, securities, or other things of value. Under federal antidrug laws, judicial representatives are authorized to seize all cash, negotiable instruments, securities, or other things of value furnished or intended to be furnished by any person in exchange for a controlled substance, as well as all proceeds traceable to such an exchange.

Front 4

Narcoterrorism

Back 4

A political alliance between terrorist organizations and drug-supplying cartels. The cartels provide financing for the terrorists, who in turn provide quasi-military protection to the drug dealers.

Front 5

Spam

Back 5

Unsolicited commercial bulk e-mail whose primary purpose is the advertisement or promotion of a commercial product or service.

Front 6

Status offense

Back 6

A child who commits an act that is contrary to the law by virtue of the offender’s status as a child. Purchasing cigarettes, buying alcohol, and being truant are examples of such behavior.

Front 7

Criminalistics

Back 7

The use of technology in the service of criminal investigation; the application of scientific techniques to the detection and evaluation of criminal evidence.

Front 8

Juvenile Justice System

Back 8

The aggregate of the government agencies that function to investigate, supervise, adjudicate, care for, or confine youthful offenders and other children subject to the jurisdiction of the juvenile court.

Front 9

Curtilage

Back 9

In legal usage, the area surrounding a residence that can reasonably be said to be a part of the residence for Fourth Amendment purposes.

Front 10

Decriminalization

Back 10

The redefinition of certain previously criminal behaviors into regulated activities that become “ticketable” rather than “arrestable.”

Front 11

Legalization

Back 11

Elimination of the laws and associated criminal penalties associated with certain behaviors—usually the production, sale, distribution, and possession of a controlled substance.

Front 12

Ethnocentric

Back 12

Holding a belief in the superiority of one’s own social or ethnic group and culture.

Front 13

Extradition

Back 13

The surrender by one state or jurisdiction to another of an individual accused or convicted of an offense in the second state or jurisdiction.

Front 14

Technocrime

Back 14

A criminal offense that employs advanced or emerging technology in its commission.

Front 15

Malware

Back 15

Malicious computer programs like viruses, worms, and Trojan horses.

Front 16

Forensic Anthropology

Back 16

The use of anthropological principles and techniques in criminal investigation.

Front 17

Forensic Entomology

Back 17

The study of insects to determine such matters as a person’s time of death.

Front 18

Juvenile Petition

Back 18

A document filed in juvenile court alleging that a juvenile is delinquent, a status offender, or a dependent and asking that the court assume jurisdiction over the juvenile or that an alleged delinquent be transferred to a criminal court for prosecution as an adult.

Front 19

Juvenile Disposition

Back 19

The decision of a juvenile court, concluding a dispositional hearing, that an adjudicated juvenile be committed to a juvenile correctional facility; be placed in a juvenile residence, shelter, or care or treatment program; be required to meet certain standards of conduct; or be released.

Front 20

Islamic Law

Back 20

A system of laws, operative in some Arab countries, based on the Muslim religion and especially the holy book of Islam, the Koran.