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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is field interrogation?
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officers stopping and questioning citizens they find in suspicious circumstances
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What is unsupervised probation?
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the lowest level of punsihment a court can impose
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What is probable cause (P/C)?
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the standard of proof needed to conduct a search or make an arrest
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What is absolute certainty?
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the proof necessary to find a defendant guilty in a criminal trial
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What does "securing the crime scene" mean?
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the first responsibility of the officer arriving on the scene
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What is domestic terrorism?
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crimes by US citizens on US soil against their fellow citizens in order to make a political statement
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What is terrorism?
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crimes committed by foreign agents against US or its citizens for political gain
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What is the significance of .08?
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in NC a person can be charges with Driving While Impaired if his/her blood alcohol level is .08 or higher
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When are canine officers used?
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used to search for illegal drugs, missing persons, find bombs, to assist arson investigations
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What is an "on-view arrest"?
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a driver who is arrested at the scene for driving while impaired (no warrant is needed)
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What is "Problem-oriented Policing"?
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a strategy that seeks to identify underlying problems in a community so that the police and citizens can work together to solve crimes and problems
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What is a "criminal investigation"?
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reconstruction of the circumstances of an illegal act, determination of the guilty party, assistance with state's prosecution of the offender, a lawful search for people
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What does "INS" stand for and what does it do?
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Immigration & Naturalization Service, which handles the deportation of illegal immigrants
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What is "legalistic style"?
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law enforcement places emphasis on violations of the law
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What is "aggressive patrol"?
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the most effective in a drug-infected area
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What does "Good Time" refer to?
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refers to time subtracted from an inmate's sentence for good behavior
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What is "mandatory release"?
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released under the provisions of the law-- not at the discretion of a parole board
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What is "recidivism"?
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refers to the return to illegal activity after release from prison
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What does "PSI" stand for?
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pre-sentence investigation
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What is a "pre-sentence investigation"? Who does this investigation?
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conducted by the probation agency at the request of the judge, usually during the period between the finding or plea or guilt and sentencing.
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What is "excessive force"?
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the measure of force beyond that necessary to control someone in a conflict
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Define "jurisdiction".
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the authority of a court to hear and decide a case
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What is "original jurisdiction"?
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the authority of a court to hear a case when it is first brought to court
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What is "rehabilitation"?
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the attempt to "correct" the personality and behavior of convicted offenders through educational, vocational, or therapeutic treatment and to return them to society as law-abiding citizens
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What is "community-oriented policing"?
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Officers getting to know the community; works with businesses, schools, and after school programs to prevent crime (the current trend in law enforcement)
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What does "DCI" stand for?
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Division of Criminal Information
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What is "Division of Criminal Information (DCI)"?
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used by law enforcement to check information in NC-- APB announcements for wanted suspects, missing persons
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Explain the case of Payne v. Tennessee.
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the Supreme OCurt rules that judges and juries may consider victim-impact statements as they consider sentencing decisions.
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What are "Victim-impact statements"?
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descriptions of the harm and suffering that a crime has caused victims and their survivors
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The US Supreme Court has _________________________.
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9 US Supreme Court Justices
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Who is McGruff?
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the crime prevention mascot used to teach children about preventing crime
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When must a verdict be unanimous and appealed automatically?
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in a capital murder
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A motion for a new trial can be based on what?
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the discovery of new evidence
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What is "jury notification by the judge'?
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the jury is instructed to disregard certain aspects of evidence
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What states executes more prisoners than any other state in the US?
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Texas
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What does "Chain of Custody" at a crime scene refer to?
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evidence
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Give an example of what the US Marshal would oversee.
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the Federal Witness Protection Program
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What court would oversee a 1st degree murder trial?
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the Superior Court
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Whatt is AFIS?
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a machine used to identify a person's fingerprints
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How long will fingerprints last on an object?
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forever
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What are some factors that will affect the life of a fingerprint?
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light, heat, how long hte object was touched, weather conditions
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Give an example of dometic terrorism.
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the McVeigh bombing in Oklahoma
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Give an example of terrorism.
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9-11
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Refusing to rent a home to an immigrant family is an example of what?
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a Civil Rights Violation
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Where did the "trial by jury" originate?
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the Magna Carte
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What are peremptory challenges?
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allow the prosecutors and defense attorneys to excuse potential jurors without saying why
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What are examples of physical evidence?
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fingerprints, tire tracks, knife, gun, or a testimony from a forensics technician in regards to results of evidence testing
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What are examples of circumstancial evidence?
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3rd party statements and taped phone conversations
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List the order of a jury trial.
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pre-trial motions; prosecution's care; defendant's case; closing arguments; jury deliberations
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List pre-trial motions.
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dismiss charges; suppress evidence; to see or discover prosecutions' evidence
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Approximately what percentage of cases are resolved through a jury trial?
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5%
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A case decided by a judge without a judge is called what?
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a bench trial and/or a summary trial
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What percentage of felonious cases are plea bargained out?
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about 90%
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What is guaranteed to all defendants who have ebeen charged with a felony?
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a jury trial
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When can prior convictions be used against a defendant?
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if the prior convictions have occurred within the last 5 years
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When may inmates be put in protective custody?
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when they pose hard to other inmates
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List examples of misdemeanors.
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shoplifting, trespassing, gas drive off
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When a felony arrest is made, what happens to the suspect?
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He/she is is fingerprinted, photographed, and a felony packet is completed.
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When a felony arrest is made, generally who informs the suspects family?
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the DA's office
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When a misdemeanor arrest is made, what happens to the suspect?
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He/she is taken before the magistrate and booked.
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Why would law enforcement need a search warrant?
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if law enforcement needs additional evidence from a suspect.
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How does law enforcement obtain a search warrant?
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When probable cause that a crime has been committed and evidence indicating that the person to be arrested committed the violation
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What must the judge determine if a defendant enters a guilty plea?
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The judge must determine that the defendant made the plea voluntarily and htat the defendant understands hte consequences of his actions.
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Who approves a directed verdict?
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the judge
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What is a directed verdict?
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It instructs the jury to acquit the defendant
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What does "acquit" mean?
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to find the defendant not guilt
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What must a judge consider when setting the bond for a defendant?
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the seriousness of the crime, the safety of the victim and/or the witness, and the defendant's prior record
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To have evidence admissable in court what must occur?
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the chain of custody must be established and the evidence myst have been marked properly at the time of collecting it
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When law enforcement fails to let a a suspect leave, what does this constitute?
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an arrest
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When my a deputy sheriff make an arrest outside of his jurisdiction?
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Based on the powers of arrest, an arrest may be made outside of jurisdiction when a FELONY offense was committed within the jurisdiction BUT the sherrif's deputy must have a warrant
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When are motorists notified aboue DRUG INTERDICTION CHECKPOINTS?
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before the stop with signs saying: Drug Checkpoint Ahead
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Is Forgery and Uttering a felony or a misdemeanor?
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a felony
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What is forgery?
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to sign something as someone else... imitate fraudulently... to forge a signature on a check
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What is uttering?
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to document and cash a forged check for money
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When a homicide is not ruled a murder, what can it be ruled as?
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accidental death or suicide
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What was the verdict in the OJ Simpson criminal trial?
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not guilty (acquitted)
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What was the verdict in the OJ Simpson civil trial?
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guilty (liable)
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What does liable mean?
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guilty
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In the OJ Simpson civil case, Mr. Simpson was ordered to do what?
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to pay money for the wrongful death on 2 counts
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What must occur for a jury's decision to be considerd valid in a criminal trial?
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all jurors must be in agreement regarding the verdict
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List the reasons a law enforcement officer can conduct a search of a vehicle with a warrant.
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the driver consents (gives permission) to the search; there is probably cause to believe illegal items are in the vehicle; the search is pursuant to the arrest of a suspect
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What does "the search is pursuant to the arrest of a suspect" mean?
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if the person is being arrested, then law enforcement has the right to search the vehicle
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What citations can be issued when a driver is stopped for a minor traffic violation and the officer notices an open container of alcohol on the unoccupied passenger seat?
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for both the traffic violation and the open container since it is in plain view
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List some examples of felonies.
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carjacking, arson, kidnapping, armed robbery
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